Projection data replenishment algorithm for limited angle tomography

A new iterative algorithm of tomographic reconstruction of objects on the basis of projection data available in a limited range of angles only is proposed. The algorithm is based on calculating artificial projections in those directions where projection data are unavailable. By means of numerical simulations, it is verified that the algorithm developed ensured high quality of reconstruction up to the angular interval of 45–60°.     

Economic value and environmental impact (EVEI) analysis of biorefinery systems

The selection of product portfolios, processing routes and the combination of technologies to obtain a sustainable biorefinery design according to economic and environmental criteria represents a challenge to process engineering. The aim of this research is to generate a robust methodology that assists process engineers to conceptually optimise the environmental and economic performances of biorefinery systems. A novel economic value and environmental impact (EVEI) analysis methodology is presented in this paper. The EVEI analysis is a tool that emerges from the combination of the value analysis method for the evaluation of economic potential with environmental footprinting for impact analysis. The methodology has been effectively demonstrated by providing insights into the performance of a bioethanol plant as a case study. The systematisation of the methodology allowed its implementation and integration into a computer-aided process engineering (CAPE) tool in the spreadsheet environment.     

Probabilistic environmental risk assessment of urban wet-weather discharges: an approach developed for Switzerland

Technical solutions aimed at limiting the impacts of urban wet-weather discharges are historically based on an end-of-pipe approach. The characteristics of wet-weather discharges, e.g. intermittent pollution loads, high variations in pollutant concentrations, effects in the receiving waters, etc., are generally not considered. This study presents a new probabilistic approach that links the characteristics of wet-weather discharges to their potential impacts in receiving waters. This new approach involves coupling a model for predicting fluctuating concentrations in rivers along with sediment changes to water quality criteria. The new approach produces a risk profile for receiving waters and includes assessment of uncertainty in input data as well as the uncertainty inherent in local receiving system processes. This new approach is expected to offer a better management of wet-weather discharges, resulting in lower environmental impacts.     

平面转弯带式输送机技术方案浅析

主要介绍平面转弯带式输送机技术方案的设计计算及实现平面转弯的技术要点,保证托辊具有一定的安装支撑角,构成内曲线抬高角,增大成槽角,对线路进行合理设计,使普通带式输送机实现了平面转弯运行,并确定转弯半径和驱动功率,又用类比法对驱动装置进行了选型。具有良好的推广应用前景。     

去除管道3PE防腐层的轴向扇形喷嘴数值模拟

目的 优化设计一种轴向扇形喷嘴,通过产生扇形磨料水射流去除管道3PE防腐层,以期提高去除管道3PE防腐层的效率和安全性.方法 建立轴向扇形喷嘴物理模型及扇形磨料水射流流场的计算模型.基于FLUENT软件,采用颗粒轨道模型、Realizable k-ε湍流模型对轴向扇形喷嘴内外磨料水射流流场特性进行数值模拟研究.结果 沿着射流流动方向,扇形喷嘴收缩段(邻近圆柱段区域)磨料颗粒速度增加明显,圆柱段磨料颗粒速度增加不明显.由于喷嘴流通面积减小或V型槽致使流道形状改变,进入扇形喷嘴椭圆段后直至喷嘴出口处,磨料颗粒速度总体增加,但其速度分布呈现复杂规律,在射流的两侧边缘存在高速区.在扇形喷嘴外流场中,磨料颗粒速度呈减小趋势,同时,磨料颗粒速度云图在X轴某一位置出现了分叉现象,速度云图在分叉点之后的区域出现空白,即从分叉点之后,外流场的某些区域没有磨料颗粒的存在.为了充分发挥磨料颗粒对3PE防腐层较好的冲蚀效果,扇形磨料水射流去除3PE防腐层时,应将靶距控制在分叉点位置之前.不同结构参数轴向扇形喷嘴产生的扇形磨料水射流,其磨料颗粒速度云图分叉点位置不同.结论 综合考虑磨料颗粒速度大小、作用范围、分叉位置等因素的影响,优选出拟用于产生扇形磨料水射流去除3PE防腐层的轴向扇形喷嘴结构参数:α2/r=1、α=15°、b=0.6 mm、d=2.13 mm.最佳靶距在17.37～37.37 mm.     

韶钢3 450 mm中厚板轧机轴向力产生机理及改进措施

针对韶钢3 450 mm中厚板轧机轴向力过大造成机组操作侧和传动侧钢板厚度偏差较大的问题,对轴向力的产生机理进行了分析,并对机组咬钢过程冲击载荷对轧机轴向力的影响进行了仿真研究。结果表明,轴承座滑板和牌坊滑板之间存在较大的间隙造成工作辊和支撑辊交叉是产生轴向力的主要原因,而轴向力的产生又导致了轴承座滑板和牌坊滑板之间的间隙增大,进而进一步便轴向力增大;机组咬钢过程冲击载荷对机组的轴向力有较大影响。在上述机理研究的基础上对机组轴承座滑板和牌坊滑板之间的间隙进行了修复,大大降低了轧机的轴向力,使钢板厚度偏差问题得到了明显改善,创造了显著的经济效益。     

钛微合金化S355JR钢板冲击不合原因分析及改进措施

针对普阳钢铁有限公司生产的6 mm厚钛微合金化S355JR薄规格钢板出现室温冲击不合的问题,对其化学成分、组织性能及生产工艺进行了分析。结果表明,连铸二冷强冷细化了TiN颗粒,使加热时更多的有效Ti溶解并于轧后析出,导致铁素体硬化是钢板常温冲击不合的原因。为此,在不便改变连铸工艺的前提下,调整了S355JR钢的化学成分,严格控制C、Ti含量,并将Mn质量分数由1.2%降至1.0%,有效地改善了6 mm厚S355JR钢板的常温冲击性能,提高了产品合格率。     

20Mn2钢棒低温冲击不合格原因分析

通过对20Mn2钢棒取样进行化学成分分析、断口检测和硬度测试,以及金相组织观察,结合钢棒锻造加热工艺对成品钢棒低温冲击韧性不合格的原因进行分析。结果表明,由于锻造加热温度过高或时间过长,使钢棒金相组织中出现铁素体型魏氏体及过热组织,在后续正火热处理时又未能完全消除,这是导致成品钢棒低温冲击不合格的主要原因。     

正火温度对海工用355 MPa级厚规格型钢组织及低温韧性的影响

针对屈服强度355 MPa级厚规格热轧H型钢进行了正火处理;利用光学显微镜,扫描电镜分别对轧制态和890、920 ℃正火处理试验钢的显微组织进行观察;对比分析了试验钢不同状态下冲击性能变化,得出了组织状态与冲击性能的相关性规律。试验结果表明,随着正火温度升高,魏氏体等异常组织减少直至消失;试验钢厚度方向不同部位偏析现象有效减轻,珠光体片层间距变细,整体晶粒细化,心部和边部组织均匀性显著提高;-40 ℃低温冲击性能显著提升,心部和边部冲击吸收能量差值缩小,与组织状态变化规律相一致。