吊水壶尾矿库的渗漏机制及防渗治理措施

本文分析了通化钢铁公司板石沟铁矿吊水壶尾矿库的渗漏机制,阐述了运用新型工程材料聚乙烯土工布进行坝面防渗的设计及施工方法。     

小浪底水库拦沙初期泥沙输移及河床变形研究

应用物理模型试验对小浪底水库运行初期的泥沙输移和河床变形进行了一系列的研究预测,结果表明水库运用初期基本上为异重流排沙;库区干流淤积形态为三角洲且不断向下游推进;支流淤积主要是干流倒灌的结果,在沟口可形成拦门沙;库水位大幅下降,干流河床将产生溯源冲刷和沿程冲刷,支流淤积面随之下降。水库投入运用以来的实测资料分析表明,尽管预报试验所采用的水沙条件与水库运用以来的实际情况不尽相同,但两者在输沙流态、淤积形态及变化趋势方面基本一致,从而证明了模型试验得出的结论是符合实际的。     

库岸古滑坡离心模型试验研究

针对一库岸古滑坡进行了水位骤降条件下 失稳机制 的离心模型试验。 离心模型的制作考虑了原型边坡的大尺寸和非均质特征,离心试验过程中进行了上下游水位的实时控制,试验后进行了边坡土体物理特性和强度特性的对比试验。离心试验结果表明：水库蓄水导致坡脚抗滑阻力降低,坡体前缘出现裂缝并随着水位上升出现坡脚坍滑;水位骤降坡体内产生向外的动水压力,加剧坡脚滑动并形成牵引式滑坡趋势;坡脚被加固后边坡变形情况得到明显改善,滑动被阻止,边坡整体稳定性提高。离心试验前后边坡土体的物理力学试验结果揭示：坡脚滑动会造成坡体土密度和含水率重新分布,并导致近滑动区土体强度特性改变、强度指标下降。 另外,水下土体随浸没时间增长黏聚力会降低直至消失。     

关于三峡水库提前蓄水研究

三峡水库汛后蓄水存在的问题,提前蓄水如何确保防洪安全.根据洪水出现特征,进行分级调度,使蓄洪与蓄水结合.提出提前蓄水方案,初估提前蓄水效益,以供进一步研究.     

向家坝下游高边坡蓄水前后外观变形空间聚集性态对比分析

水库蓄水会对周围工程与地质环境造成较大的影响,严重时甚至会引起岸体滑坡。基于空间计量学全局和局部空间自相关系数及其相关分析方法,以向家坝坝体下游坝后左岸人工高边坡为例,在传统研究只考虑二维坐标的情况下,进一步考虑不同测点的三维空间坐标,建立了考虑空间坐标的空间权重矩阵,计算了各个蓄水时段高边坡不同测点的外观变形数据的全局和局部空间自相关系数;对比了不同蓄水时段下游边坡外观变形的空间聚集性态,从而定位高边坡变形监测关键测点。研究结果表明:2种空间自相关系数可以有效探测变形数据的聚集程度,识别聚集区域;水库蓄水会在下游坡形成明显的空间聚集性变形,尤其是在蓄水初期变化最为剧烈,需要在该阶段加强观测。     

蓄水量拦蓄不均曲线法在通肯河水文预报中的应用

水文预报作为非工程措施在防汛抗旱中发挥着举足轻重的作用。但近年来个别流域由于受水利工程影响,特别是水库群影响,使用正常预报方法很难反映流域的客观实际,如处理不当,将严重影响预报精度。为此,文章以通肯河为例提出蓄水量不均曲线法在通肯河洪水预报中的应用,旨在加强预报的科学性,从而提高预报精度。     

三峡工程蓄水对库区水质的影响分析与建议

三峡工程对生态与环境的影响是受到国内外广泛关注的焦点和热点问题之一.三峡水库135 m蓄水后1年来的水质监测结果表明:三峡水库135 m蓄水对库区干流江段未造成明显影响,但对库区部分支流局部区域的水质造成了较为明显的影响.为更好地保护三峡水库的水资源,维护库区的水质安全,应有针对性地采取措施.     

Effects of river regulation on water quality in the lower Mokelumne River,California

This study examines the effects of flow regulation on water quantity and quality by comparing an impounded system (Mokelumne River) with an adjacent unimpounded system (Cosumnes River). Between 1999 and 2002, the Cosumnes River displayed a strong seasonal cycle for each constituent analysed (total suspended solids, NO₃‐N, total nitrogen, PO₄‐P, total phosphorus, dissolved silicon, specific conductivity, flow), while reservoirs in the lower Mokelumne buffered and attenuated physical and chemical fluctuations creating a weak seasonal pattern. Dissolved silicon and total suspended solids were the two constituents most efficiently sequestered by the reservoirs. While the reservoirs acted as traps for most constituents, NO₃‐N and PO₄‐P were produced during the drier years of the study, 2001 and 2002. In contrast, the unimpounded reference reach in the Cosumnes was an annual source for all constituents measured. The Cosumnes delivers its highest NO₃‐N concentrations during the winter months (December–April), while peak concentrations in the Mokelumne occur during the snowmelt (May–July) and baseflow (August–November) seasons. Due to downstream N‐limitation, this temporal shift in NO₃‐N export may be contributing to accelerated algal growth in the reach immediately downstream and eventually to algal biomass loading to the downstream Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The potential role of tributaries as seed sources to an impoundment in Northern Sweden: a field experiment with seed mimics

Fragmentation and flow regulation of rivers by large dams are known to obstruct the longitudinal dispersal of waterborne plant propagules between impoundments, and to affect plant community composition. However, even several decades after a dam has been built, impoundments may still have a relatively species‐rich riparian flora. We hypothesized that free‐flowing tributaries act as the major gene pools for such impoundments, thus alleviating the fragmenting effect large dams have on the main channel. The importance of tributaries as seed sources was tested by releasing wooden seed mimics in three different‐sized (0.22–6.93 m³ s^?1) tributaries of an impoundment in the Ume River in Northern Sweden. In each tributary seed mimics were released, during the spring flood peak, from three points approximately 1, 2 and 3 km upstream the outlet in the impoundment. The importance of a tributary as a seed source increased with tributary size. Of the 9000 released seed mimics 1.5% reached the impoundment; 1.2% of the 9000 originated from the largest tributary and 0.3% from the middle‐sized one. The smallest tributary retained all its mimics. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.