浸渍增重率和反渗率研究

对浸溃过程中浸渍剂沥青的浸入率和反渗率进行了分析与探讨。提出了理想增重率、理论增重率与实际增重率的概念和计算方法。并比较了实际增重率与操作增重率的差别。同时分析了抽真空的绝对压力与施压的绝对压力对各项增重率和反渗率的影响。     

石墨化处理对高压浸渍碳化碳/碳复合材料抗氧化性能的影响

用超高压液相浸渍和碳化,经石墨化处理制备了毡基碳／碳复合材料。采用等温氧化实验,系统研究了所得试样在不同温度(773～1 173 K)条件下的氧化动力学行为;用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜检验观察了石墨化处理前后毡基碳／碳复合材料的氧化形貌和微观结构。结果表明：石墨化处理可明显的提高毡基碳／碳复合材料的抗氧化性能;毡基碳／碳复合材料的基体在氧化反应中优先氧化,氧化反应速率随温度的升高而增大;在高于或低于临界温度973 K时,毡基碳／碳复合材料的氧化反应分别受2种不同的机制控制,其反应活化能E,在石墨化前分别为7.91×10~4 J／mol和2.80×10~4J／mol,石墨化后分别为1.08×10~5J／mol和4.42×10~4J／mol。     

静电纺丝模板法制备γ-Al_2O_3纤维

以静电纺丝法制备的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)纤维为模板,以非水解溶胶-凝胶法制备的Al2O3溶胶为浸渍液,利用模板浸渍技术制备出Al2O3凝胶-PVP复合纤维,再经1 000℃煅烧制备出γ-Al2O3纤维。借助X射线衍射和扫描电镜研究了浸渍溶胶浓度、浸渍时间及浸渍次数对γ-Al2O3纤维物相组成及形貌的影响。结果表明:当Al2O3溶胶中铝离子浓度为0.1 mol/L、浸渍时间为30 s、浸渍1次时,合成的γ-Al2O3纤维表面平滑,连续性好,纤维直径达到0.22μm。     

熔融浸渍法制备PE-HD/黄麻纤维复合材料工艺及性能研究

采用特殊设计的天然纤维熔融浸渍模具制备黄麻长纤维颗粒,通过注塑工艺,制备了长黄麻纤维增强高密度聚乙烯（PE-HD）复合材料。研究了纤维含量、浸渍模具温度对PE-HD/黄麻纤维复合材料力学性能、微观断面形貌的影响。结果表明,利用熔融浸渍工艺制备PE-HD/黄麻纤维复合材料,有效地保障了黄麻纤维的长度,可显著提高复合材料的力学性能;当黄麻纤维含量为45 %,浸渍模具温度为210 ℃时,PE-HD/黄麻纤维复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度最优,相对纯PE-HD分别提高了49.1 %和137 %。     

液相浸渍法制备C／C复合材料

介绍了液相渍炭纤维坯体的两种方法。探讨了沥青浸渍和树脂浸渍的浸渍过程和增密效果,比较了两种浸渍方法的相似之处和不同之处。     

粉末浸渍长玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯的注塑

采用粉末浸渍的方法制备连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯预浸料,经切割获得长纤维增强聚丙烯粒子,探索了材料的注塑工艺,研究了注塑后材料的力学性能及其影响因素。结果表明,粉末浸渍的长纤维增强聚丙烯经注塑后可获得力学性能的制品;随着预浸料切割长度的增长、纤维含量的增加,材料的力学性能提高;在基体聚丙烯中添加接枝极性基团的功能化聚丙烯,可改善体系的界面结合,提高材料的力学性能,但功能化聚丙烯的含量超过一定值后,材料的冲击强度有所下降;控制注塑时的模具温度,可以改变材料的一些力学性能。     

The sorption of monovalent cations onto norway spruce: Model studies using wood flour and LiCl solution

The transport of chemicals in a porous material such as wood is very complex and involves several processes: the diffusion of chemicals in the cell pores (lumen and pit pores), through the cell walls at certain conditions, and sorption of wood tissue. In the present study, batch sorption experiments were performed to examine the sorption of Li⁺ ions from an aqueous LiCl solution onto Norway spruce wood flour samples. The experimental methodology employed is suitable for differentiating the amount of ions sorbed onto the wood tissue and dissolved in the solution in wood pores. The apparent equilibrium sorption data were analyzed using two widely applied isotherm models: Langmuir and Freundlich. The results suggest that the sorption was spontaneous, and for the experimental conditions studied, probably involved several interaction types between the different functional groups of the wood and the Li⁺/Cl^? ions.     

Analysis of drying properties and vacuum-impregnated qualities of edamame (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)

To develop a novel dehydrated edamame leisure food, the best edamame from different drying processes was selected to impregnate by different solutions in a vacuum. Microwave drying (MD), pulse-spouted microwave vacuum drying (MVD), vacuum infrared drying (VID), and hot air-drying (AD) were researched, when the drying quality of edamame samples was analyzed for microstructure, color, texture, and flavor. MVD product was found to be the most suitable sample for impregnation. Vacuum impregnation was undertaken with this dried edamame at different impregnated solutions (sucrose, trehalose, and maltose solutions). Through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis, it was found that three solutions were uniformly distributed in cotyledons after vacuum impregnation. There are some differences in flavor among the impregnated samples in electronic nose. The water state (bound, immobilized and free) in the samples was analyzed during MVD by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The water mobility was found strong in the samples in most of the drying process, and with the progression, the free water gradually disappeared. In the impregnated edamame, the water mobility was much weaker, thus the impregnated edamame can be assumed more suitable for snacks with a longer shelf-life.     

Freeze drying and vacuum impregnating characteristics of Nostoc sphaeroides Kützing

ABSTRACT

Nostoc sphaeroides Kützing (N. sphaeroides) is a kind of edible algae widely growing in China. The paper is aimed at developing a novel snack food of N. sphaeroides using vacuum impregnation. The samples from freeze drying (FD) have large volume and loose structure, which were found suitable for processing. With nuclear magnetic resonance and imaging, the water signal of N. sphaeroides was measured in FD, and different drying-stage raw N. sphaeroides were selected to impregnate by different solutions, when the products’ impregnated mass, water activity, and flavor difference were analyzed. Results indicate that the water distribution in FD was uniform. Sucrose impregnated product was stable with large impregnated mass and low water activity, whereas trehalose impregnated product was easy to separate from the solution with low sweetness. For the products with the raw N. sphaeroides dried for 9 and 12?h, no obvious difference was found in water activity and flavor. Result shows that N. sphaeroides dehydrated for 9?h in FD is suitable for vacuum impregnation, and different impregnated products are acceptable from the point of view of flavor and storage stability.     

负载型钴锰复合金属氧化物催化剂催化分解N_2O

以ZrO_2为载体,采用浸渍法制备负载型钴锰复合金属氧化物催化剂,研究催化剂活性组分负载量、Co与Mn物质的量比、焙烧条件及含H_2O气氛对N_2O转化率的影响。结果表明,催化剂最佳制备条件为:活性组分Co负载质量分数3%,Co与Mn物质的量比为1∶1,焙烧升温速率2℃·min-1,焙烧温度900℃。该条件制备的负载型钴锰复合金属氧化物催化剂在反应温度850℃时,N_2O转化率达98.7%。当反应气氛中H_2O体积分数小于20%条件下,850℃时N_2O转化率高于90%,表明催化剂具有较强的抗水性能。