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11.
12.
The problem of operating freeze drying of pharmaceutical products in vials placed in trays of a freeze dryer to remove free water (in frozen state) at a minimum time was formulated as an optimal control problem. Two different types of freeze dryer designs were considered. In type I freeze dryer design, upper and lower plate temperatures were controlled together, while in type II freeze dryer design, upper and lower plate temperatures were controlled independently. The heat input to the material being dried and the drying chamber pressure were considered as control variables. Constraints were placed on the system state variables by the melting and scorch temperatures during primary drying stage. Necessary conditions of optimality for the primary drying stage of freeze drying process in vials are derived and presented. Furthermore, an approach for constructing the optimal control policies that would minimize the drying time for the primary drying stage was given. In order to analyze optimal control policy for the primary drying stage of the freeze-drying process in vials, a rigorous multi-dimensional unsteady state mathematical model was used. The theoretical approach presented in this work was applied in the freeze drying of skim milk. Significant reductions in the drying times of primary drying stage of freeze drying process in vials were obtained, as compared to the drying times obtained from conventional operational policies. 相似文献
13.
Introduces the current issue of the American Psychologist, which examines the ramifications of the Brown vs. Board of Education decision and its sequelae over the last 50 years, with a special focus on the mixed role of psychological research and practice. Despite the great strides toward a more just society since May 17, 1954, inequities remain in schooling, in social relations, and in economic opportunity. How will history judge American psychology 50 years from now vis-a-vis the possibilities it helped create via Brown? The articles in this special issue suggest several important directions of research and action our field will need to take if the verdict of history is to be a positive one. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
14.
大型连杆流线简易试验方法 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
程里 《理化检验(物理分册)》2004,40(9):457-458
介绍了一种大型连杆流线的简易试验方法及其评价原则。该方法可清晰显示流线,并适合任何尺寸和形状的锻造连杆的流线试验。 相似文献
15.
基于直升机目标旋转部件的调制模型,本文针对防空雷达提出了分析直升机信号特征的一种新方法——WVD法,并对直升机目标旋转部件调制回波信号在不同噪声情况下加以仿真分析,结果表明:用WVD分析雷达回波中直升机信号特征是一种非常有效的方法。 相似文献
16.
The aim of this paper is to give a general quantitative requirement which the loop gain must satisfy in order to stabilize a given unstable (possibly nonlinear and time-varying) plant, namely that the gain must exceed one. 相似文献
17.
本文介绍的基于信息的智能控制理论的发展过程,主要分为智能控制的信息指标和智能控制的信息结构分析两部分,文中在最后对这套理论可能的发展方向进行了探讨。 相似文献
18.
Claudia Popien Axel Kuepper Bernd Meyer 《Journal of Network and Systems Management》1994,2(4):383-400
New requirements of growing computer networks and information systems have an influence on extended client/server models with increased functionality. This forms the basis for service management in distributed systems which is realized by a service trading concept. This paper studies the requirements derived from the Open Distributed Processing (ODP) Reference Model in order to consider an open service market. Furthermore, it examines management possibilities for describing the service trading scenario. Because of similar architectures and properties ODP services, service offers, types, exporters and traders are mapped onto management components and modeled as managed objects. Therefore, the Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects (GDMO) are used. The final concept allows a precise and unambiguous study of the service trading scenario and provides means for exporting and importing of service offers in a distributed environment. 相似文献
19.
EEPROM的参数设置控制着系统的基本功能,设置的改变对系统的起动和运行起着重要作用。本文详细地列出了EEPROM的地址分配表,并通过上机实验对那些重要的地址了详细的说明。 相似文献
20.
This paper considers the principles of algorithmic and software implementation of the software system NADRA 3D designed to
analyze processes in three-dimensional multicomponent soil media. The principles of operation of NADRA 3D are described.
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Translated from Kibernetika i Sistemnyi Analiz, No. 6, pp. 157–174, November–December 2006. 相似文献