部分负荷工况下螺杆制冷压缩机特性试验研究

研究了采用不同工质时螺杆制冷压缩机在部分负荷工况下的性能特性。通过录取半封闭螺杆压缩机工作过程指示图(p-V图),获得了部分负荷下螺杆制冷压缩机的效率及其变化规律,并根据部分负荷下压缩机内容积比的变化,对这种变化规律进行了解释。随后对螺杆压缩机采用R22、R134a、R404A、R407C四种不同工质时,在部分负荷工况下的性能变化规律进行了分析比较。研究结果表明：随着负荷的降低,压缩机的绝热效率和绝热指示效率都会有明显的下降,但机组系统的性能系数PCO会有明显的上升;使用R22工质时机组的使用部分负荷值VAPL为最佳。     

参考点自适应调整下评价指标驱动的高维多目标进化算法

在具有不同Pareto前沿形状的优化问题上, 基于参考点的高维多目标进化算法表现出较差的通用性. 为了解决这个问题, 提出参考点自适应调整下评价指标驱动的高维多目标进化算法(Many-objective evolutionary algorithm driven by evaluation indicator under adaptive reference point adjustment, MaOEA-IAR). MaOEA-IAR提出Pareto前沿形状监测基础上的参考点自适应策略, 利用该策略选择一组候选解作为初始参考点; 然后通过曲线参数对参考点位置进行调整; 将最终得到的能够适应不同Pareto前沿的参考点用于计算增强的反世代距离指标, 基于指标值设计适应度函数作为选择标准. 实验证明提出的算法在处理各种Pareto前沿形状的优化问题时能获得较好的性能, 算法通用性高.     

Analysis of black water aggregation in Taihu Lake

Black water aggregation (BWA) in Taihu Lake is a disaster for the lake environment. It is a phenomenon resulting from water environmental deterioration and eutrophication caused by accumulation of pollutants in the lake, according to research on the water quality, pollutants of BWA, and occurrence mechanisms of BWA. Dead algae are the material base of BWA, the polluted sediment is an important factor for the formation of BWA, and hydrological and meteorological conditions such as sun light, air temperature,...     

Proof-of-concept study of chitosan-based carbon dioxide indicator for food packaging applications

A chitosan-based carbon dioxide (CO₂) indicator was developed to monitor freshness or quality of packaged foods during their storage, as elevated CO₂ levels inside a package is one of the prime indicators of microbial spoilage of food. The objective of this proof-of-concept study, therefore, was to develop a chitosan-based CO₂ indicator and to investigate its performance in different operating environments. For the enhancement of signal strength of indicator, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) was used as an additive to the chitosan solution. Aqueous chitosan–AMP suspensions were prepared by addition of chitosan (0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4%) and AMP (0%, 5%, 10% and 20%) to distilled water at pH 7.0. Thereafter, the aqueous chitosan suspensions were incubated under 100% and 20% CO₂ test atmospheres. The aqueous solubility of chitosan, which in turn impacts the degree of transparency of the suspension, was tested at different pHs and time intervals, spectrometrically. The transparency of 0.2% chitosan aqueous suspension increased dramatically below pH 6.5 under 20% or 100% CO₂ incubation. The addition of a 5% AMP concentration to the chitosan suspension was found optimal for maximum CO₂ absorption and this, therefore, increased transparency by more than 90%.     

子宫下段受累可能为Ⅰ期内膜癌辅助放疗的不良预后因素

目的　探讨子宫下段受累对Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌术后放疗患者的预后作用。方法　回顾性分析1999年1月至2012年12月在北京协和医院进行术后放疗的Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者265例，中位年龄53岁，病理类型主要为子宫内膜样腺癌(226例，85.3％)。根据病理结果是否有子宫下段受累分为两组：子宫下段受累组和子宫下段未受累组，比较两组患者的预后因素和临床治疗结果，并对其中的高危和高中危患者进行亚组分析。主要研究终点包括总生存率、无进展生存率、局部区域复发率、远处转移率和治疗失败率。使用Kaplan-Meier法统计生存率，不同组间生存率的比较使用Log-rank检验，使用Cox比例风险回归模型进行预后因素分析。结果　所有Ⅰ期内膜癌患者的5年总生存率和无进展生存率分别为92.8%和89.7%，5年局部区域复发率、远处转移率和治疗失败率分别为4.5%、6.4%和7.8%。单因素分析显示，子宫下段受累是影响总生存率和无进展生存率的相关因素（P= 0.015,0.035）。Cox比例风险回归模型显示，子宫下段受累组患者的总生存率和无进展生存率更低（P=0.041, RR=0.346, 95% CI: 0.125~0.959; P=0.041, RR=0.411, 95% CI: 0.175~ 0.963）。亚组单因素分析显示，在高危和高中危患者中，子宫下段受累是影响治疗失败率的相关因素（P=0.034）。结论　子宫下段受累可能是影响Ⅰ期内膜癌辅助放疗患者总生存率和无进展生存率的不良预后因素；在高危和高中危患者中，子宫下段受累主要与治疗失败的发生相关。     

Indoor localization based on wireless sensor networks

Indoor localization systems are becoming very popular because they enable the creation of very interesting location-based applications. This paper provides a short introduction about localization systems based on a sensor network and the actual state of the art. Important topics related to indoor localization like the necessary infrastructure, available technologies and their expected accuracy are treated. Additionally, the results of previous work referred to the performance evaluation of localization algorithms are shortly described. Finally, some ideas related to further investigations are presented.     

计分法在矿井通风系统方案优选中的应用

矿井通风系统的最优方案的选择是一个多因素多目标决策问题,目前主要应用的数学方法理论有模糊数学、灰色系统理论和层次分析法等方法,但上述方法均存在计算量较大的问题。计分法是一种在已给定的多个备选方案中,且备选方案各项指标的权重已经确定的基础上进行计分选择的方法,该方法计算简便,概念直观,计算过程可由Excel办公软件完成。结合某矿山矿井通风工程实例,从技术先进性、安全可靠性和经济合理性三个方面12个指标进行了方案选优分析,并与灰色关联分析法进行了比较。计分法也可以应用于其他工程方案的选优。     

舰船柴油机缸内工作过程监测系统设计与实现

柴油机缸内工作过程监测是准确掌握柴油机工作状态,及时发现早期故障隐患的重要手段。介绍了舰船柴油机缸内工作过程监测技术应用现状,提出了柴油机缸内工作过程监测系统的设计方案,针对该监测系统在设计与研制过程中存在的高温动态压力传感器、数据采集模块、数据分析处理方法、系统故障诊断与预警等主要技术难题,给出了具体实现方法。通过对船用柴油机热工性能实际监测与诊断分析应用表明,该系统具有良好的柴油机热工性能分析和故障诊断实用价值。     

突防任务中组网雷达干扰资源分配研究

基于突防飞机的位置构建了干扰效果评估指标,综合考虑突防飞机在整个突防过程中的位置变化时的干扰效益,利用概率加权法确定最终的目标函数,采用蚁群算法求解出干扰分配决策。仿真结果表明,该文提出的干扰效果评估指标可以很好地解决干扰资源分配问题,对实际作战指挥有一定的指导意义。     

Nonlinear dynamic behavior of rotating blade with breathing crack

This study aims at investigating the nonlinear dynamic behavior of rotating blade with transverse crack. A novel nonlinear rotating cracked blade model (NRCBM), which contains the spinning softening, centrifugal stiffening, Coriolis force, and crack closing effects, is developed based on continuous beam theory and strain energy release rate method. The rotating blade is considered as a cantilever beam fixed on the rigid hub with high rotating speed, and the crack is deemed to be open and close continuously in a trigonometric function way with the blade vibration. It is verified by the comparison with a finite element-based contact crack model and bilinear model that the proposed NRCBM can well capture the dynamic characteristics of the rotating blade with breathing crack. The dynamic behavior of rotating cracked blade is then investigated with NRCBM, and the nonlinear damage indicator (NDI) is introduced to characterize the nonlinearity caused by blade crack. The results show that NDI is a distinguishable indicator for the severity level estimation of the crack in rotating blade. It is found that severe crack (i.e., a closer crack position to blade root as well as larger crack depth) is expected to heavily reduce the stiffness of rotating blade and apparently result in a lower resonant frequency. Meanwhile, the super-harmonic resonances are verified to be distinguishable indicators for diagnosing the crack existence, and the third-order super-harmonic resonances can serve as an indicator for the presence of severe crack since it only distinctly appears when the crack is severe.