因地制宜探索“长治”工程不同类型小流域治理模式

１９８９年开展实施的长江上游水土流失重点防治工程到“八五”期末，已水土流失面积３．９万ｋｍ＾２，而且根据因地制宜的原则，不断优化土地利用结构，形成了各具特色的经济型、粮食型、基础型、兼顾型、生态型等水土资源利用模式；同时，发挥“长治”工程的龙头作用，吸引各方资金和力量投入水土保持工作之中，开创了股份制、协作制、承包制、全民制等形式多样的水土流失治理模式，从而使“长治”工程最显著治理效益。     

土石坝应用土工膜防渗设计的几个问题

本文就土石坝应用土工膜进行坝体防渗，对其透水性及渗漏量、土工膜防渗层与坝体间的作用、土工膜厚度的计算方法作了介绍，可供土石坝应用土工膜防渗设计参考。     

混流式水轮机导叶减压设施改造

介绍了一种中、高水头混流式水轮机导叶减压抗浮的新方法，并在基本论证的基础上，对其推广使用价值，得出了肯定的结论。     

滨江复杂河网地区水环境调控仿真模拟系统研究

为满足滨江河网地区人民群众对河流防洪安全、水环境、水生态、水景观等要求,达到水资源调用效益最优化,基于自主研发的GIS平台,实现滨江复杂河网地区水文、水动力及水质模型的耦合,集构模、连库、计算、调试和展示等为一体.通过Web Services接口设定调度预案及预报期边界条件,驱动预报调度模型进行计算,并直接获取预报调度...     

基于程序集成及响应面模型的电机冷却性能优化

建立某60 kW电动汽车用永磁同步电机模型,理论分析得到最佳流道条数以及流道参数取值范围。以冷却流道宽度a、高度b作为设计变量,电机温升和流道进出口压差作为目标函数,通过Isight集成网格变形软件Sculptor和CFD计算软件Fluent,应用拉丁超立方设计方法创建样本点,并进行数据的自动提交仿真计算。根据得到的数据建立响应面模型,采用多岛遗传算法对近似模型寻优。优化后,电机温升和进出口压差分别下降了6.01%、6.81%,电机的性能和安全运行得到了保障。     

高压水清除氧化皮技术

本文系统地介绍了联邦德国Werner and Pfteiderer公司用高压水清除轧件及锻件表面氧化皮的新技术,包括高压水清除氧化皮的机理,水耗量及压力计算、喷嘴的设计、液压系统及轧制钢板和锻件表面氧化皮的高压水清理装置     

The location of hydrogen in the kinetics of oxidation of ferrous alloys by superheated steam

The rate of emission of hydrogen from the metal surface and from the oxide surface has been determined during the oxidation of ferrous alloys at 501°C. The kinetics were in accordance with the assumption of a parabolic rate law, and the rate constants were in agreement with those calculated from the thickness of the oxide layer at the end of the reaction. The proportion of hydrogen emitted from the metal to that from the oxide surface showed a dependence on the partial pressure of steam for the 9%Cr-1%Mo alloy at 501°C. The ratio was dependent on the alloy composition, and also on temperature, as shown by results for the 9%Cr-1%Mo alloy at 450 and 552°C. For this alloy, the activation energy and rate constants are consistent with a rate-determining step dependent on cation diffusion. The oxide film is almost impermeable to hydrogen gas. A possible oxidation mechanism is suggested.     

硅尖阵列-敏感薄膜复合型阴极真空微电子压力传感器特性的测试

封装、测试了硅尖阵列-敏感薄膜复合型阴极的真空微电子压力传感器，在计算机模拟计算的基础上，对封装好的真空微电子压力传感器进行了实物测试，得出实物测试场发射电流曲线（开启电压低，发射电流曲线与计算机模拟曲线一样，电压45V时发射电流可达到86mA，平均每个硅尖为21μA）、压力特性曲线（呈线性变化，与计算机模拟计算的曲线相近）及灵敏度数据。电压1.5V即可测试并且其压力特性成线性变化，灵敏度为0.3μA/kPa。     

Highly Efficient and Water‐Insensitive Self‐Healing Elastomer for Wet and Underwater Electronics

Integrating self‐healing capabilities into soft electronic devices increases their durability and long‐term reliability. Although some advances have been made, the use of self‐healing electronics in wet and/or (under)water environments has proven to be quite challenging, and has not yet been fully realized. Herein, a new highly water insensitive self‐healing elastomer with high stretchability and mechanical strength that can reach 1100% and ≈6.5 MPa, respectively, is reported. The elastomer exhibits a high (>80%) self‐healing efficiency (after ≈ 24 h) in high humidity and/or different (under)water conditions without the assistance of an external physical and/or chemical triggers. Soft electronic devices made from this elastomer are shown to be highly robust and able to recover their electrical properties after damages in both ambient and aqueous conditions. Moreover, once operated in extreme wet or underwater conditions (e.g., salty sea water), the self‐healing capability leads to the elimination of significant electrical leakage that would be caused by structural damages. This highly efficient self‐healing elastomer can help extend the use of soft electronics outside of the laboratory and allow a wide variety of wet and submarine applications.     

Modular Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly of Polyelectrolytes,Nanoparticles, and Molecular Catalysts into Solar‐to‐Chemical Energy Conversion Devices

The design and fabrication of solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion devices are enabled through interweaving multiple components with various morphologies and unique functions using a versatile layer‐by‐layer assembly method. Cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes are used as an electrostatic adhesive to assemble the following functional materials: plasmonic Ag nanoparticles for improved light harvesting, upconversion nanoparticles for utilization of near‐infrared light, and polyoxometalate water oxidation catalysts for enhanced catalytic activity. Polyelectrolytes also have an additional function of passivating the surface recombination centers of the underlying photoelectrode. These functional components are precisely assembled on a model photoanode (e.g., Fe₂O₃ and BiVO₄) in a desired order and various combinations without degradation of their intrinsic properties. As a result, the performance of water oxidation photoanodes is synergistically enhanced. This study can enable the design and fabrication of novel solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion devices.