基于自由搜索的水库入库含沙量预测模型

水库泥沙淤积问题直接关系到水库的规模、寿命以及综合经济效益的发挥。入库水流含沙量是影响水库调度运行以及水库泥沙淤积的主要因素,目前国内结构简单、实用性较强的含沙量预测模型不多。以水库的入库站流量及上游站至入库站的区间流量为研究对象,提出了基于两个水文站流量的水库入库含沙量的预测模型,采用改进的自由搜索算法率定模型参数,并将模型应用于龚嘴水库的入库含沙量的预测。研究结果表明,构建的模型结构简单,参数率定便捷,预测含沙量的精度较高,为水库入库含沙量预测提供了一种简便适用的方法。     

矿山水害分类与断层防水煤柱存在问题分析

根据涌水水源和渗透通道的匹配关系,地下矿山水害有透地表水和断层透水等7种可能的透水形式,可归纳为顶部透水、同层位透水和底板突水等3种透水类型。在采掘工作空间和涌水水源之间留设一定宽度的隔水煤岩柱来防止水害的出现和蔓延,是目前国内外最常用的防治水措施之一。结合断层防水煤柱的推导,对现阶段断层防水煤柱存在的主要问题进行了全面分析,指出隔水煤柱的设计应充分考虑煤体软化、压力水与煤体的相互作用以及矿山压力作用下的煤柱分区等相关问题。     

不同细颗粒含量土体管涌三轴试验研究

为探究不同细颗粒含量土体管涌机理以及管涌后土体力学性质,选取三种不同细颗粒含量的土体,利用自行研制的管涌三轴仪,选择向上管涌的方法模拟管涌实际情况。通过管涌试验以及管涌后的排水剪切试验,分析了细颗粒含量对临界水力梯度、累计涌砂量、峰值强度以及体变的影响。结果表明:管涌发生前,临界水力梯度和临界流速随细颗粒含量的增加而增加;土体在较高的同一水力梯度作用下,累计涌砂量增长速度随时间逐渐减小,流失相同的细颗粒含量,累计涌砂的时间随细颗粒含量的增加而减小;随着细颗粒含量的增大,管涌后土体峰值强度呈不规则变化,土体体积先发生剪缩后发生剪胀,试样体积最大剪缩量随细颗粒含量的增大而增大。     

Influence of blade deformation and yawed inflow on performance of a horizontal axis tidal stream turbine

For a better design of tidal stream turbines operated in off-design conditions, analyses considering the effects of blade deformation and yawed inflow conditions are necessary. The flow load causes deformation of the blade, and the deformation affects the turbine performance in return. Also, a yawed inflow influences the performance of the turbine. As a validation study, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was carried out to predict the performance of a horizontal axis tidal stream turbine (HATST) with rigid blades. The numerical uncertainty for the turbine performance with blade deformation and a yawed inflow was evaluated using the concept of the grid convergence index (GCI). A fluid–structure interaction (FSI) analysis was carried out to estimate the performance of a turbine with flexible composite blades, with the results then compared to those of an analysis with rigid blades. The influence of yawed inflow conditions on the turbine performance was investigated and found to be important in relation to power predictions in the design stages.     

河库联合调度预报技术探析

贺江流域"2013.8"暴雨洪水期间,通过准确入库洪水预报,以贺江下游重要城镇安全泄洪量为控制,科学合理利用合面狮水库成功进行调蓄错峰,取得良好的防洪效果,分析了开展河库联合调度预报的技术路线及方法,为广泛开展河库联合调度预报服务提供参考及借鉴。     

Uncertainty analysis of groundwater inflow into underground excavations by stochastic discontinuum method: Case study of Siah Bisheh pumped storage project,Iran

This paper presents a framework for the near-field stochastic discontinuum modeling and uncertainty analysis of groundwater inflow into underground excavations by direct utilization of discrete fracture network (DFN) concept. The sources of uncertainty in the groundwater inflow into underground excavations in fractured rocks were classified into two different groups including the geometrical and hydraulic properties of fractures. The main input data for stochastic discontinuum modeling of groundwater inflow were captured from site investigations in Siah Bisheh pumped storage project in Iran. Detailed measurements of groundwater inflow into powerhouse and transformer caverns provided the possibility to determine the hydraulic aperture through back calibration. The validity of calibrated hydraulic aperture was explored by simulation results of the groundwater inflow into transformer cavern, and shows high accuracy when compared with data obtained from field measurements. The statistical results of these groundwater flow simulations with constant calibrated hydraulic aperture reflected the uncertainty associated with geometrical properties of fractures. Finally, the role of hydraulic properties of fractures on the uncertainty of groundwater inflow was investigated by the variation of standard deviation of hydraulic aperture through the sensitivity analysis. The results of this study demonstrated that the geometrical properties of fractures did much greater uncertainty in the groundwater inflow into underground excavations than hydraulic properties. Moreover, it was found that both the mean and standard deviation of simulated groundwater inflow into underground excavations decrease non-linearly by increasing the standard deviation of hydraulic aperture even though it is generally anticipated that the uncertainty of hydrogeological systems increases by increasing the variance of hydraulic parameters.     

Steady and transient inflow dynamics with actuator disk vortex theory

The actuator disk is a well‐known and widely used theoretical tool in wind engineering. This work proposes a new theory based on an actuator surface, capable of treating time‐varying vectorial load distributions and yaw/pitch misalignment. A simplified representation of vortex motion is used to arrive at a tractable problem. The theory is not restricted to disks; arbitrary coplanar (optionally disjoint) actuator surfaces may be modeled. Some of the theoretical novelties used in the modeling includes use of the fractional Laplacian and extensive use of the Fourier transform on . Promising experimental validation based on pitch‐step experiments at the Tjæreborg turbine is furnished. Comparisons are also made to existing methodologies. Analysis and numerical work shows that the model encapsulates Coleman's vortex theory.     

Optimum model extent for numerical simulation of tunnel inflow in fractured rock

The objective of this study is the introduction of an optimum model extent in discontinuous rock masses for tunnel inflow assessment using numerical models. Tunnel groundwater inflow is an important problem in tunneling, and numerical simulation is widely used for estimating the amount of tunnel inflow. An adequate size of the model domain is of very high importance when using such models. On the one hand, if the tunnel boundary is too close to the outer model boundary, the simulated inflow rate into the tunnel is significantly overestimated (which will be shown in the present study). On the other hand, if the model domain is very large, models may become “unhandy”, and simulations become very expensive with respect to computer memory and CPU. In this technical note, an approach is presented that derives an optimum model extent for numerical simulation of tunnel inflow in fractured rock. The approach uses the two-dimensional universal distinct element code (UDEC). The impact of different model parameters, such as tunnel radius, groundwater level, joint spacing, joint dip/dip direction and joint aperture on the optimum model extent has been evaluated. Based on the results, an optimum model extent chart is presented that allows modelers a quick determination of the optimum model extent as a function of the most significant parameters, which are the tunnel depth under the groundwater level, tunnel radius and joint spacing.     

深部首采工作面顶底板涌水量预计

在深部工作面受多种含水体影响的情况下,通过对工作面采矿地质条件深入研究,根据综放开采条件下覆岩破坏和底板下"三带"的经验公式,预计了开采对顶底板造成破坏的范围,对各含水层向工作面充水危险进行了分析。参考类似条件工作面出水的实例,最终预计工作面底板将出现小型涌水,工作面实际涌水量符合预计结果。     

“水量平衡分析”的露天煤矿水资源综合利用途径

为有效解决我国北方矿区煤-水资源逆向分布和矿井水回用率低等问题，以神华某露天煤矿为例，基于“水量平衡分析”的方法，提出了水资源综合利用途径。通过分析矿区水资源利用现状与存在的问题，重点探讨矿坑污水处理厂水量变化规律，重构矿区水量平衡图，最终确定矿区水资源综合利用途径。结果表明：1）近三年矿坑涌水量、污水厂处理水量和回用水量均逐年降低，水资源利用率低；2）基于矿区污水处理厂处理水量变化分析，发现该矿区2016年到2018年的矿坑污水量主要受季节的影响较大；3）该矿区水资源在不同季节的回用方向和回用量也不同；4）综合考虑了时间和空间因素，确定了水资源综合利用技术，结合矿区实际用水需求，重构了水量平衡图，将采暖季与非采暖季的矿坑水资源利用率提高到89.9%与70.1%，促进了矿区的可持续发展，最终可实现煤-水资源的和谐共生。