影响固态发酵速率的因素及其动力学

论述了固态发酵过程中基质的形态特性、基质含水量、通气速率与气体组成、发酵温度诸因素对发酵速率的影响；探讨了固态发酵过程动力学模型及其特征。     

城市雨洪放大效应驱动因子时空演变规律分析

城市雨洪具有复杂的放大效应,引起该现象较直接的原因包括大暴雨的频繁出现、可渗透地表面积的骤减以及排蓄水能力的改变和排水管网的扩张等。以武汉市为例,选择降雨强度、不透水面积比例、排水管道密度作为洪水放大效应的驱动因子进行趋势分析和演变规律分析,计算表明:从20世纪80年代开始,暴雨雨量和历时明显增加;不透水面在20世纪90年代初增加较快;排水管道在1990~2006年间缓慢增长,2007年跳跃式增长。降雨量和历时的增加使城市洪量增大,排水压力随之上升,在一定程度上增加了内涝几率;不透水面积的逐年增多以及水体等天然蓄水区的减少,不但增加了产流量,也使汇流时间更短,且雨水管渠的建设缩短了天然汇流路径,导致城市洪水呈现峰高量大,洪峰提前的放大效应。研究成果可用于城市雨洪放大效应对其驱动因子的定量响应研究,为进一步量化城市内涝风险与驱动因子间的关系提供依据,从而为内涝风险调控措施提供技术支撑。     

水源热泵影响下地下水温度主控因素关联度分析

为研究地下水源热泵长期影响下,地下水温度主控因素的变化特征,选择安阳市第五人民医院为研究区,将地下水温度作为典型的灰色系统进行研究,采用灰色关联度的计算方法进行地下水温度、地下水位埋深、气温、降水量以及回水井水温之间的关联度分析,获取地下水温变化的主控因素。研究结果表明:在不受水源热泵影响时,地下水位埋深是地下水温度的主控因素。在水源热泵影响下,地下水温受气温、降水量、地下水位埋深和回水井水温的共同影响:在垂向上,回水井水温对监测井水温的影响程度随着深度的增大而逐渐降低,地下水温度的主控因素由回水井水温转变为地下水位埋深,在水平方向上,回水井水温对监测井水温的影响程度随着距离的增大而逐渐减小,地下水温度的主控因素由回水井水温转变为气温和地下水位埋深。     

提高克劳斯硫回收装置收率的方法

基于某厂克劳斯硫回收装置,对影响克劳斯硫回收率的因素进行分析,发现反应温度、酸气组成、催化剂、工艺及设备等因素对硫回收率产生重要影响;提出了改进措施来提高克劳斯硫回收装置的回收率,包括:①使用主、副调节阀减小酸性气流量变化的影响;②应用在线分析仪,控制反应计量比;③采用预热空气和酸性气等方法处理含NH3酸性气;④选用性能好的催化剂;⑤调节高温掺合阀开度,控制一级转化器操作温度;⑥采用过程气换热器加热,通过旁路来控制二级转化器操作温度。     

鲁古河水库供水工程对水源区水环境影响分析

以鲁古河水库供水工程为例,采用"湖泊完全混合衰减模式"进行水质预测,分析工程引水后,鲁古河水库水量减少水环境容量降低可能对库内水质及下游河道用水产生的影响。预测结果表明调水后鲁古河库内BOD和氨氮增幅较小,污染物浓度可达到水质标准要求,引水后不会对下游用水量和水质产生影响。     

勉县地质灾害分布与影响因素的相关性分析

受水文地质、工程地质条件及人类工程活动等影响因素的影响,勉县是陕南地区地质灾害的多发区。为了研究勉县地质灾害分布与影响因素之间的相关性,分别绘制了各影响因素与地质灾害分布的叠加图,并对其进行统计分析。得出结论:勉县地质灾害集中发育于汉江盆地年平均降雨量为850mm~900 mm的区域、中低山区和丘陵区以及志留系-奥陶系下统和侏罗系地层岩性区。地质灾害沿主要水系、断裂、公路等两侧一定范围内呈"带状"分布。汉江两侧1 km范围内灾害点最多,灾害点密度最大;勉县—略阳构造带两侧1 km范围内灾害点最多,灾害点密度最大;十天高速两侧1 km范围内灾害点最多,灾害点密度最大。分析结论为勉县移民搬迁项目和基础设施建设提供可靠的地质灾害防治依据。     

Discovering social structures of local influence by using tweetStimuli

Information diffusion in large-scale networks has been studied to identify the users influence. The influence has been targeted as a key feature either to reach large populations or influencing public opinion. Through the use of micro-blogs, such as Twitter, global influencers have been identified and ranked based on message propagation (retweets). In this paper, a new application is presented, which allows to find first and classify then the local influence on Twitter: who have influenced you and who have been influenced by you. Until now, social structures of tweets’ original authors that have been either retweeted or marked as favourites are unobservable. Throughout this application, these structures can be discovered and they reveal the existence of communities formed by users of similar profile (that are connected among them) interrelated with other similar profile users’ communities.     

String analysis by sliding positioning strategy

Discovering frequent factors from long strings is an important problem in many applications, such as biosequence mining. In classical approaches, the algorithms process a vast database of small strings. However, in this paper we analyze a small database of long strings. The main difference resides in the high number of patterns to analyze. To tackle the problem, we have developed a new algorithm for discovering frequent factors in long strings. We present an Apriori-like solution which exploits the fact that any super-pattern of a non-frequent pattern cannot be frequent. The SANSPOS algorithm does a multiple-pass, candidate generation and test approach. Multiple length patterns can be generated in a pass. This algorithm uses a new data structure to arrange nodes in a trie. A Positioning Matrix is defined as a new positioning strategy. By using Positioning Matrices, we can apply advanced prune heuristics in a trie with a minimal computational cost. The Positioning Matrices let us process strings including Short Tandem Repeats and calculate different interestingness measures efficiently. Furthermore, in our algorithm we apply parallelism to transverse different sections of the input strings concurrently, speeding up the resulting running time. The algorithm has been successfully used in natural language and biological sequence contexts.     

长江口不同河段表层细颗粒泥沙絮凝特性

利用长江口的现场观测资料分析河口不同区段表层细颗粒泥沙絮凝特性及其影响因素。结果表明:在河口上段水域,流速对絮凝表现为破坏作用,盐度是"制约"条件,流速和浊度对絮团影响明显,絮团平均粒径约为40.69mm,是分散粒径的4倍左右;口门最大浑浊带水域絮团峰值出现在憩流或者中等流速处,高盐度抑制、低盐度促进絮团生长,小潮时流速影响最明显、大潮时则是盐度,絮团平均粒径小潮为28.54mm、大潮35.17mm,是分散粒径2~3倍左右;北港口外,絮团生长或者破碎频繁,流速表现出促进作用,盐度有抑制作用,盐度对絮团影响最大,絮团平均粒径约为110.36mm,是分散粒径的18倍左右。     

Toughness Optimization of SBR Elastomers – Use of Fracture Mechanics Methods for Characterization

Elastomer materials are used in a wide application range and subjected to different loading from which failure of the material results. Because this failure is caused by initiation and propagation of cracks, the application of fracture mechanics methods for the assessment of the material is obvious. A short summary of the methods of technical fracture mechanics including possibilities of determination of crack resistance curves is given. Vulcanizates on the basis of SBR 1500 with various sulfur and carbon black contents were investigated. For describing the crack initiation and crack propagation behavior, several fracture mechanics examination methods were applied. Tear‐analyzer results were used to assess the crack propagation behavior under fatigue‐like loading conditions. Furthermore, for the characterization of the crack resistance of the materials under impact‐like loading conditions, instrumented tensile‐impact tests were performed. To obtain information about the initiation and propagation of a stable crack, quasi‐static fracture mechanics tests were applied. The results of the several tests are discussed in dependence on sulfur and carbon black contents. We found a non‐monotonous behavior of the toughness as a function of carbon black loading. An explanation is given in connection with a percolation‐like transition in filler morphology on larger length scales.

Schematic crack propagation curve for characterizing the fatigue behavior of the vulcanizates recorded in a TFA test.