基于信道状态特征的手势动作识别技术研究

手势识别作为人和机器之间重要的交互手段,在日常生活中具有广泛的应用场景。基于无线信号特别是WiFi的手势识别由于其无接触、成本低等优点成为当前热门的方式。为解决传统基于无线信号手势识别算法没有充分利用信号相位特征的缺点,本文提出利用WiFi信道状态信息幅值和相位结合的方式进行手势识别。通过子载波降维和动作曲线提取对接收的WiFi信号进行处理,并将信号的幅值和相位结合,利用机器学习算法对数据进行训练和分类,实现了单手向前、单手向后、单手向左、单手向右、单手向上和单手向下六种手势的识别。实验结果显示,本文算法在近距离和远距离下的精确度分别为96%和92%。     

基于迁移学习的卷积神经网络通道剪枝

卷积神经网络在计算机视觉等多个领域应用广泛,然而其模型参数量众多、计算开销庞大,导致许多边缘设备无法满足其存储与计算资源要求。针对其边缘部署困难,提出使用迁移学习策略改进基于BN层缩放因子通道剪枝方法的稀疏化过程。本文对比不同层级迁移方案对稀疏化效果与通道剪枝选取容限的影响;并基于网络结构搜索观点设计实验,探究其精度保持极限与迭代结构的收敛性。实验结果表明,对比原模型,采用迁移学习的通道剪枝算法,在精度损失不超过0.10的前提下,参数量减少89.1%,模型存储大小压缩89.3%;对比原剪枝方法,将剪枝阈值从0.85提升到0.97,进一步减少参数42.6%。实验证明,引入迁移策略更易实现充分的稀疏化,提高通道剪枝阈值选取容限,实现更高压缩率;并在迭代剪枝的网络结构搜索过程中,提供更高效的搜索起点,利于快速迭代趋近至搜索空间的一个网络结构局部最优解。     

基于互信息F统计量特征选择技术的地基气象云图分类

在地基气象云图的云状(云类)识别研究中,基于局部二值模式(Local Binary Pattern,LBP)描述子的特征选择技术由于它的简单性和有效性成为最通用的方法.然而,LBP特征的高维特性使得云状识别的性能和计算开销不能令人满意.为此,本文提出一种基于互信息构造的F检验统计量的LBP特征选择算法,可以实现高维LBP特征的有效降维,同时保证云状识别的准确性,极大减少了特征选择过程的计算开销.     

基于地理信息的旅游资源信息库系统

加强旅游资源管理,构建旅游资源信息库,对促进旅游业持续健康发展具有重要意义。针对旅游资源管理中存在的问题,在详细分析旅游资源管理的业务流程基础上,提出一种基于地理信息的旅游资源信息库系统。该系统采用三层体系架构,避免用户对数据的直接访问,提升系统的稳定性和扩展性;通过角色访问控制技术,实现授权用户按角色受限地访问系统功能,避免非法用户和授权用户的非法操作,提高系统的安全性;通过高德地图实现旅游资源单体空间数据与属性数据的无缝关联,提升用户体验。该系统可有效克服传统管理方式的不足,提升旅游资源管理的工作效率。     

S2R2:基于相关性与冗余性分析的半监督特征选择

特征选择是模式识别与数据挖掘的关键问题之一,它可以移除数据集中的冗余和不相关特征以提升学习性能。基于最大相关最小冗余准则,提出一种新的基于相关性与冗余性分析的半监督特征选择方法(S2R2),S2R2方法独立于任何分类学习算法。该方法首先对无监督相关度信息度量进行分析与扩充,然后结合信息增益,设计一种半监督特征相关性与冗余性度量,可以有效识别与移除不相关和冗余特征,最后采用增量搜索技术贪婪地构建特征子集,避免搜索指数级大小的解空间,提高算法的运行效率。本文还提出S2R2方法的快速过滤版本,FS2R2,以更好地应对大规模特征选择问题。多个标准数据集上的实验结果表明了所提方法的有效性和优越性。     

基于DT-CWT和SVM的踏面旋转不变纹理提取算法

针对列车车轮踏面旋转纹理信息无法准确、有效提取的问题,提出一种基于Radon变换和双树复小波变换（DT-CWT）的列车车轮踏面特征提取方法。首先,对车轮踏面图像进行Radon变换;然后,对变换后的图像进行DT-CWT分解,使用分解后的各层低频子带系数和高频子带系数模的均值和标准方差构造特征向量,将其作为区分列车车轮踏面是否发生损伤的依据;最后,由支持向量机（SVM）进行分类决策。使用动车所采集的图像及人为加噪声后的图像进行分类实验,结果表明,本文使用的Radon和DT-CWT算法能有效地进行旋转不变纹理的提取,SVM分类正确率可以达到95%,可为列车车轮踏面状况检测提供更为准确便捷的方法支撑。     

改进U-Net型网络的遥感图像道路提取

目的 遥感图像道路提取在城市规划、交通管理、车辆导航和地图更新等领域中发挥了重要作用,但遥感图像受光照、噪声和遮挡等因素以及识别过程中大量相似的非道路目标干扰,导致提取高质量的遥感图像道路有很大难度。为此,提出一种结合上下文信息和注意力机制的U-Net型道路分割网络。方法 使用Resnet-34预训练网络作为编码器实现特征提取,通过上下文信息提取模块对图像的上下文信息进行整合,确保对道路的几何拓扑结构特征的提取;使用注意力机制对跳跃连接传递的特征进行权重调整,提升网络对于道路边缘区域的分割效果。结果 在公共数据集Deep Globe道路提取数据集上对模型进行测试,召回率和交并比指标分别达到0.847 2和0.691 5。与主流方法U-Net和CE-Net（context encoder network）等进行比较,实验结果表明本文方法在性能上表现良好,能有效提高道路分割的精确度。结论 本文针对遥感图像道路提取中道路结构不完整和道路边缘区域不清晰问题,提出一种结合上下文信息和注意力机制的遥感道路提取模型。实验结果表明该网络在遥感图像道路提取上达到良好效果,具有较高的研究和应用价值。     

A small samples training framework for deep Learning-based automatic information extraction: Case study of construction accident news reports analysis

Knowledge management is crucial for construction safety management. Widely collected and well-organized safety-related documents are recognized to be significant in raising the workers' security awareness and then to prevent hazards and accidents. To improve document processing efficiency, automatic information extraction plays an important role. However, currently, automatic information extraction modeling requires large scale training datasets. It is a big challenge for the engineering industry, especially for the fields which heavily rely on the experts’ knowledge. Limited data sources, and high time and labor costs make it not practical to establish a large-scale dataset. This work proposed a natural language data augmentation-based small samples training framework for automatic information extraction modeling. With the designed cross combination-based text data augmentation algorithm, the deep neural network can be employed to build up automatic information extraction models without large-scale raw data and manual annotations. Characters semantic coding is employed to avoid word segmentation and make sure that the framework can be utilized in different writing language systems. The BiLSTM-CRF model is adopted as the detection core to conduct character classification. Through a case study of two independent accident news report datasets analysis, the proposed framework has been validated. A reliable and robust automatic information extraction model can be established, even though with small samples training.     

A real-time vehicle detection and a novel vehicle tracking systems for estimating and monitoring traffic flow on highways

Real-time highway traffic monitoring systems play a vital role in road traffic management, planning, and preventing frequent traffic jams, traffic rule violations, and fatal road accidents. These systems rely entirely on online traffic flow info estimated from time-dependent vehicle trajectories. Vehicle trajectories are extracted from vehicle detection and tracking data obtained by processing road-side camera images. General-purpose object detectors including Yolo, SSD, EfficientNet have been utilized extensively for real-time object detection task, but, in principle, Yolo is preferred because it provides a high frame per second (FPS) performance and robust object localization functionality. However, this algorithm’s average vehicle classification accuracy is below 57%, which is insufficient for traffic flow monitoring. This study proposes improving the vehicle classification accuracy of Yolo, and developing a novel bounding box (Bbox)-based vehicle tracking algorithm. For this purpose, a new vehicle dataset is prepared by annotating 7216 images with 123831 object patterns collected from highway videos. Nine machine learning-based classifiers and a CNN-based classifier were selected. Next, the classifiers were trained via the dataset. One out of ten classifiers with the highest accuracy was selected to combine to Yolo. This way, the classification accuracy of the Yolo-based vehicle detector was increased from 57% to 95.45%. Vehicle detector 1 (Yolo) and vehicle detector 2 (Yolo + best classifier), and the Kalman filter-based tracking as vehicle tracker 1 and the Bbox-based tracking as vehicle tracker 2 were applied to the categorical/total vehicle counting tasks on 4 highway videos. The vehicle counting results show that the vehicle counting accuracy of the developed approach (vehicle detector 2 + vehicle tracker 2) was improved by 13.25% and this method performed better than the other 3 vehicle counting systems implemented in this study.