冲击能量对ESSO试验结果的影响

对90mm厚EH47船用钢板进行了不同冲击能量下的梯度温度型ESSO试验以分析冲击能量对试验结果的影响.结果表明,采用下限冲击能量测得的-10℃止裂韧性值与双重拉伸试验所测值基本一致,但根据WES:2815-2014规范确定的上限冲击能量测得的止裂韧性值明显低于前两者测得的结果,建议后续在ESSO试验中针对90mm厚钢板选用冲击能量下限值进行试验.     

Acoustic Harmonic Generation Due to Thermal Embrittlement of Inconel 718

This paper describes an attempt to characterize the deterioration of a structural material's mechanical properties by nonlinear acoustics. In this particular case, the damage was caused by “thermal embrittlement” during which the material, here the nickel-based alloy Inconel 718, loses a significant fraction of its fracture toughness. Harmonic generation was the experimental method used to characterize the microstructural changes in the material as a function of exposure time at elevated temperatures. Tests were performed on two heats of Inconel 718 with slightly different chemistries, with one heat showing particular sensitivity of the fracture toughness to the elevated temperature exposure with corresponding higher changes in the nonlinearity parameter. As a mechanical measure of the fracture toughness deterioration, a small specimen punch test was used in which the ductility of a thin slice of material is determined. A clear difference between the two heats was noted in the metallographic examination, which is reflected in the harmonic generation as well as the punch test data. An explanation for the changes of the harmonic generation during the embrittlement process is speculative at the present time.     

Fracture toughness characterisation of a glass fibre‐reinforced plastic composite

By examining the state of the art, it can be realised that few research works have been done on the fracture behaviour of plastic composites reinforced with continuous glass fibres. Therefore, the present paper deals with the fracture toughness of a unidirectional glass fibre‐reinforced plastic (GFRP), such a parameter being analytically determined by means of the modified two‐parameter model (MTPM). The input data of the MTPM are obtained from an experimental campaign related to three‐point bending tests on single edge‐notched specimens characterised by different sizes. The novelty of this research work is that the MTPM, originally proposed for isotropic materials, is here employed to estimate the fracture toughness of GFRPs characterised by orthotropic mechanical properties.     

Preparation of High-precision Electrospun Nanoair Filter Paper for Air Purification

Electrospinning technology has become a research hotspot because of its advantages, such as simple operation, low cost, large specific surface area, high porosity, and good fiber continuity. Here, a new type of composite nanoair filter paper was prepared using electrospinning technology. To improve the practicability of air filter base paper, phenolic resin was used as a curing agent to improve the strength. The results show that the electrospun nanoair filter paper with air filter paper as the receiving substrate and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution as the spinning solution excellently performed in all aspects. The influence of the thickness (spinning time) of the PVA nanofiber membrane on the micromorphology, physical properties, and filtration performance of the electrospun nanoair filter paper was analyzed. According to the ISO 5011-2014 standard, the initial resistance, filtration efficiency, mean pore size, and dust capacity of the electrospun nanoair filter paper were 77.3 Pa, 99.9941%, 3.50 μm, and 146 g/m², respectively, when the spinning time was 15 min.     

Combined effect of antimicrobial edible coatings with reduction of initial microbial load on the shelf-life of fresh hake (Merluccius merluccius) medallions

Two distinct strategies were combined to preserve fresh fish (Merluccius merluccius) under refrigeration at 4 °C for 12 days: (i) the application of an antimicrobial edible coating enriched with oregano essential oil (OEO) or carvacrol (CV) and (ii) the reduction of initial microbial load by good handling practise and the use of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). The action of antimicrobial coatings alone retarded the growth of Enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and H₂S producing bacteria on fish samples. The reduction of initial microbial load by itself only affected the evolution of LAB, but not the rest of the bacterial groups. When using both techniques combined, edible antimicrobial coatings were significantly more effective with additional and significant delays in the growth of mesophilic, psychrotrophic and Pseudomonas bacteria. Thus, the use of both strategies combined resulted in a reduction of the counts of all bacterial groups after 12 days of storage which ranged from 1.5 log and 8 log, in Pseudomonas and H₂S producing bacteria, respectively. Moreover, no significant differences were observed when comparing the microbiological evolution of samples treated with OEO compared to those only treated with CV.     

2397铝锂合金显微组织、拉伸性能和断裂韧性研究

通过金相显微镜、透射电镜和扫描电镜观察以及X射线织构测量、拉伸试验和平面应变断裂韧性测试,研究了130 mm厚2397-T87铝锂合金不同厚度层及不同取向的微观组织、拉伸性能和断裂韧性。结果表明:厚度方向织构分布不均匀,表层织构以高斯织构为主,中心织构则主要由β取向轧制织构和少量立方织构组成,亚表层T/8处织构较弱,且从中心到亚表层,β取向织构和立方织构含量降低,剪切织构含量增加,T/8处剪切织构含量最大。L方向不同厚度层拉伸性能具有不均匀性,亚表层的抗拉强度(σb)和屈服强度(σ0.2)小于中心,LT方向拉伸性能差异相对较小;同一厚度处,合金强度和断裂韧性具有各向异性,σb、σ0.2的变化规律为:L方向﹥LT方向﹥SL方向,L-T取向的断裂韧性最好,T-L取向次之,S-L取向最差。     

压榨毛毯与造纸机的高效运行

分析压榨毛毯对造纸机运行效率的影响。在生产上,要保证纸机高效运行,应选择合适的压榨毛毯、快捷更换新毛毯、缩短毛毯初期适应期并加强毛毯的维护。     

木薯秸秆冲击韧性研究

为了研究木薯秸秆冲击韧性的指标影响因素,利用MW-4木材万能试验机,并选取木薯秸秆的品种、放置时间、碰撞部位作为影响因素,对木薯秸秆进行正交冲击试验。结果表明:品种对冲击能量的影响最大,当品种为SC6、放置12d、碰撞部位为上部时冲击能量最小;同时,品种对冲击韧性的影响也最大,冲击韧性最小的组合是品种为SC6、放置0d、碰撞部位为下部;木薯秸秆下部的平均冲击能量和冲击韧性均大于上部的。     

不同储藏条件下玉米挥发性成分研究

为通过挥发性物质变化来探究玉米储藏期间品质变化,并找出相关性特征挥发物,为玉米安全储藏提供参考。本实验模拟不同仓储条件,通过电子鼻(E-NOSE)和顶空固相微萃取-气质联用(GC-MS)对玉米挥发性物质进行检测,结合主成分分析法和样品得分图对结果进行分析。结果表明,随储藏周期变化,不同水分、温度条件下玉米样品,雷达图有明显区别,对应传感器显示15%高水分样品比低水分样品更易出现霉味。高温高水分样品在储藏3个月后在主成分分析图上与其余样品有明显区分,表明气味变化较大。气质检测中共检出醇类物质15种,芳香烃25种,醛类23种,酸酯类59种,酮类18种,烷烃53种,烯烃22种,杂环类27种。贡献率较大的是酸酯类、芳香烃和醇类物质。氧气浓度较低时,酸酯类物质挥发量减少,氧气浓度对醇类、芳香烃等影响较小,且只在浓度极低(2%~5%)时,2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚和1-氯二氟甲氧基-4-硝基-苯挥发量会增加。在低水分条件下苯甲醇挥发量较大;alpha-戊基-gama-丁内酯、壬酸和烯醛类物质在低温低水分条件下挥发量较大;酰胺类物质则在高温高水分条件下产生较多;香兰素在高温高水分下挥发量较小;不饱和烯烃与烯醇类物质都随着储藏时间的推移而增加。电子鼻和GC-MS能有效对不同储藏条件下的玉米样品进行区分,亦可通过特定挥发物质的多少来判别玉米品质的好坏,水分与温度两个条件对挥发物质影响较大,氧气浓度影响较小,当水分含量低于13%,温度低于20℃时在常压下储藏就能有效防止玉米品质劣变。