非平衡磁控溅射制备Cr掺杂DLC复合薄膜的高温摩擦学性能

元素掺杂是提升DLC薄膜摩擦学性能和耐温性能的重要途径。采用直流磁控溅射技术在304不锈钢基体表面沉积了含氢DLC薄膜,同时利用射频磁控溅射技术完成Cr元素的掺杂,研究Cr元素掺杂对DLC薄膜的力学性能及摩擦学性能的影响。采用纳米压痕仪测试薄膜硬度并利用划痕试验测试膜基结合力,采用拉曼光谱分析薄膜sp²和sp³键含量的变化和转移膜的生成。采用UMT多功能摩擦磨损试验机评价薄膜在常温和高温环境下的摩擦磨损性能,并利用扫描电镜观察磨损表面,分析其磨损机制。结果表明,Cr元素掺杂会显著提高薄膜的膜基结合力,但会使薄膜硬度有一定的下降。常温摩擦学性能测试显示,DLC薄膜的摩擦因数随着Cr含量的增加呈现出先下降后上升的趋势,在Cr质量分数为3.34%时达到最低;但薄膜的磨损率随Cr含量的增加略有升高。高温摩擦学性能测试表明,Cr元素掺杂显著改善了DLC薄膜的高温摩擦学性能,未掺杂的DLC在150℃以上摩擦时会失效,Cr元素掺杂使薄膜在250℃下也能保持较低的摩擦因数和较长的抗磨寿命。Cr元素的加入能够提高DLC薄膜的膜基结合力,降低摩擦因数,并提高薄膜...     

Dry friction and wear characteristics of MoSi2 against ahoy steels

The dry friction and wear characteristics of three kinds of friction couples under different loads, MoSi2/45 tempered steel, MoSi2/45 quenched steel, and MoSi2/CrWMn steel, were investigated by using a friction and wear tester. SEM and X-ray diffraction were employed to analyze the microphotograph of the worn surface and the phase of worn pieces in order to reveal the wear mechanisms of MoSi2 material. The results show that MoSi2/CrWMn steel friction pair has good dry friction and wear properties under the load of 80 N, where the friction coefficient is 0.255 and the wear rate of MoSi2 is only 14.72 mg.km-1. But under the load of 150 N, it is MoSi2/45 tempered steel friction pair that has good tribological properties,MoSi2 under low loads is brittle fracture. With the increase of load, the main wear mechanism of MoSi2 against 45 quenched steel or CrWMn steel is adhesive wear. However, the wear mechanism of MoSi2 against 45 tempered steel is changed from oxidation-fatigue wear to adhesive wear.     

A new thermomechanical model of cutting applied to turning operations. Part II. Parametric study

In Part I of this work, Molinari and Moufki [Int. J. Mach. Tools Manufact., this issue], an analytical model of three-dimensional cutting is developed for turning processes. To analyse the influences of cutting edge geometry on the chip formation process, global effects such as the chip flow direction and the cutting forces, and local effects such as the temperature distribution and the surface contact at the rake face have been investigated. In order to accede to local parameters, the engaged part in cutting of the rounded nose is decomposed into a set of cutting edge elements. Thus each elementary chip, produced by a straight cutting edge element, is obtained from an oblique cutting process defined by the corresponding undeformed chip section and the local cutting angles. The present approach takes into account the fact that for each cutting edge element the local chip flow is imposed by the global chip movement. The material characteristics such as strain rate sensitivity, strain hardening and thermal softening, the thermomechanical coupling and the inertia effects are considered in the modelling. A detailed parametric study is provided in this paper in order to analyse the effects of cutting speed, depth of cut, feed, nose radius and cutting angles on cutting forces, global chip flow direction and temperature distribution at the rake face. The influence of friction at the tool–chip interface is also discussed.     

A new thermomechanical model of cutting applied to turning operations. Part I. Theory

In this paper, an analytical approach is used to model the thermomechanical process of chip formation in a turning operation. In order to study the effects of the cutting edge geometry, it is important to analyse its global and local effects such as the chip flow direction, the cutting forces and the temperature distribution at the rake face. To take into account the real cutting edge geometry, the engaged part in cutting of the rounded nose is decomposed into a set of cutting edge elements. Thus each elementary chip produced by a straight cutting edge element, is obtained from an oblique cutting process. The fact that the local chip flow is imposed by the global chip movement is accounted for by considering appropriate interactions between adjacent chip elements. Consequently, a modified version of the oblique cutting model of Moufki et al. [Int. J. Mech. Sci. 42 (2000) 1205; Int. J. Mach. Tools Manufact. 44 (9) (2004) 971] is developed and applied to each cutting edge element in order to obtain the cutting forces and the temperature distributions along the rake face. The material characteristics such as strain rate sensitivity, strain hardening and thermal softening, the thermomechanical coupling and the inertia effects are taken into account in the modelling. The model can be used to predict the cutting forces, the global chip flow direction, the surface contact between chip and tool and the temperature distribution at the rake face which affects strongly the tool wear. Part II of this work consists in a parametric study where the effects of cutting conditions, cutting edge geometry, and friction at the tool–chip interface are investigated. The tendencies predicted by the model are also compared qualitatively with the experimental trends founded in the literature.     

Friction welding of TiAl intermetallics and structural steel by applying Inconel 718 as interlayer

0IntroductionInterlayer metal is usually introduced while solidwelding heterogeneous metals with different chemical com-ponents and microstructures[1-3].The diffusion activationenergy(DAE)in both sides of interlayer and base metalcould be affected by the …     

搅拌摩擦焊接技术最新进展

搅拌摩擦焊(Friction Stir Welding,简称FSW)是由英国焊接研究所TWI于1991年开发的专利技术,并且在随后取得了巨大的进展。综述了近10年来国内外搅拌摩擦焊技术的发展概况和最新进展,阐述了搅拌摩擦焊技术的原理、工艺特点及其广泛的工业应用前景,指出搅拌摩擦焊技术研究的必要性和紧追性。     

管内扭带传热与流动阻力的实验研究

为了研究管内强化换热技术,对3根不同结构参数的扭带插入光管的换热特性和流体动力学特性进行了实验研究.以空气为工质,Re在8 000～100 000之间,管外被水冷却.在大量实验数据的基础上,用多元线性回归法得到了具有较高精度的扭带管的传热系数和摩擦系数的统计关联式,分析了扭带管的传热与流阻性能,为换热器的设计及改造提供了理论依据.     

Al2O3/Cu复合材料强化机理研究

采用内氧化法制备了Al2O3／Cu复合材料，进行了高温电子拉伸实验，并通过微观组织观察，分析了该复合材料的强化机理。拉伸实验结果显示：Al2O3／Cu复合材料不仅室温强度很高，而且高温时仍保持较高的强度。微观组织观察分析表明：细小的Al2O3颗粒的弥散分布是该复合材料具有高强度的主要原因，表现在：Al2O3颗粒存在能够抑制Cu基再结晶的进行；Al2O3颗粒的存在阻碍晶界亚晶界运动，从而阻碍晶粒长大；Al2O3颗粒的阻碍位错运动，增加位错密度；Al2O3颗粒的存在提高材料的蠕变抗力。     

内高压成形三台阶轴过程中内压值影响的有限元分析

以内高压成形台阶轴过程中压力参数的影响为研究目标,利用大变形非线性塑性有限元方法对成形零件的壁厚和应变分布规律进行了探索。给出了不同内压条件下零件的壁厚及应变分布,并就内压对成形的影响进行了讨论。分析了不同压力对起皱和减薄等缺陷的影响,并在此基础上给出了相应的实验结果。分析结果表明,内压值的选取对内高压成形台阶轴具有重要影响,对文中台阶轴来说,30MPa的压力值是成形的最佳压力。     

均匀设计法、神经网络和遗传算法结合在内高压成形工艺参数优化中的应用

内高压成形技术是以轻量化和一体化为特征的一种空心变截面轻体构件的先进制造技术。目前,内高压成形技术越来越受到人们的关注,特别是汽车制造企业。管材的内高压成形过程与很多因素有关,其中施加在管件内部的压力与轴向进给量之间的配比关系尤为重要,对两者的匹配关系进行优化是内高压成形面临的重要课题。传统的优化方法需要大量的模拟计算,耗时多且不易掌握。针对这一问题,该文提出了将均匀设计法、神经网络和遗传算法相结合进行参数优化,既利用了均匀设计试验的均匀可靠性,又运用神经网络的非线性映射、网络推理和预测功能,最后发挥遗传算法的全局优化特性,得出了最优结果,并直接为实际生产提供了可靠的参数依据。