Chemical reaction kinetics dataset of Cs-I-B-Mo-O-H system for evaluation of fission product chemistry under LWR severe accident conditions

In order to improve LWR source term under severe accident conditions, the first version of a fission product chemistry database named ‘ECUME’ was developed. The ECUME is intended to include several datasets of major chemical reactions and their effective kinetic constants for representative severe accident sequences. It is expected that the ECUME can serve as a fundamental basis from which fission product chemical models can be elaborated for use in the severe accident analysis codes. The implemented chemical reactions in the first version were those for representative gas species in Cs-I-B-Mo-O-H system from 300 to 3000 K. The chemical reaction kinetic constants were evaluated from either literature data or calculated values using ab-initio calculations. The sample chemical reaction calculation using the presently constructed dataset showed meaningful kinetics effects at 1000 K. Comparison of the chemical equilibrium compositions by using the dataset with those by chemical equilibrium calculations has shown rather good consistency for the representative Cs-I-B-Mo-O-H species. From these results, it was concluded that the present dataset should be useful to evaluate fission product chemistry in Cs-I-B-Mo-O-H system under LWR severe accident conditions, where kinetics effects should be considered.     

化学气相反应法制备Zr-Si-C涂层

为了提高Zr-Si-C涂层与基体的结合强度,基于粉末埋入反应辅助涂覆工艺,采用新型化学气相反应法在SiC陶瓷表面制备Zr-Si-C涂层.SiC陶瓷基片被包埋于Zr-1%(质量分数)I2混合粉体中,在850～1 100 ℃进行化学气相反应.碘促进Zr原子向SiC陶瓷表面的传输,Zr与SiC之间的扩散反应导致在SiC表面生成连续的Zr-Si-C复合涂层.采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜结合X射线能谱分析以及相图分析确定了涂层微结构及相组成.结果表明:复合涂层内层为ZrC、中间层为Zr2Si-ZrC1-x复相区、外层为ZrC1-x.通过测量涂层厚度研究了涂层的生长动力学,在850～1 100 ℃范围内,涂层生长符合抛物线规律,活化能为(210±20)kJ/mol.     

The Role of Vitamin D in Supporting Health in the COVID-19 Era

The genomic activity of vitamin D is associated with metabolic effects, and the hormone has a strong impact on several physiological functions and, therefore, on health. Among its renowned functions, vitamin D is an immunomodulator and a molecule with an anti-inflammatory effect, and, recently, it has been much studied in relation to its response against viral infections, especially against COVID-19. This review aims to take stock of the correlation studies between vitamin D deficiency and increased risks of severe COVID-19 disease and, similarly, between vitamin D deficiency and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Based on this evidence, supplementation with vitamin D has been tested in clinical trials, and the results are discussed. Finally, this study includes a biochemical analysis on the effects of vitamin D in the body’s defense mechanisms against viral infection. In particular, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions are considered in relation to energy metabolism, and the potential, beneficial effect of vitamin D in COVID-19 is described, with discussion of its influence on different biochemical pathways. The proposed, broader view of vitamin D activity could support a better-integrated approach in supplementation strategies against severe COVID-19, which could be valuable in a near future of living with an infection becoming endemic.     

福建设施葡萄园土壤氮磷钾丰缺状况及垂直分布特征

以福建寿宁高优葡萄示范园区为研究对象,选取了14个代表性葡萄园(坡地6个和平地8个),按照0～20 cm、20～40 cm和40～60 cm深度分层取样,测定土壤氮、磷、钾含量,研究养分的垂直分布特征。结果表明:平地葡萄园土壤氮磷钾含量明显高于坡地葡萄园;调查区内土壤养分具有明显的表层"积聚效应",土壤全氮、全磷及其有效量和有效钾含量随土层深度的增加而增加;除有效磷和全钾在中等以上水平外,其他指标均处于缺素状态,土壤不平衡缺肥现象比较突出。因此,应充分考虑葡萄园所处的地形位置,合理配施氮磷肥,避免盲目过量施用钾肥,通过增施有机肥和补充土壤微生物菌剂,促进被固定土壤养分的重新利用。不仅减少化肥的投入量,还可以避免因养分大量富集而造成的农业面源污染。     

miRNA Expression Profiling in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Monozygotic Twins Discordant for HIV Infection: Validation of Differentially Expressed miRNA and Bioinformatic Analysis

Combined AntiRetroviral Treatments (cARTs) used for HIV infection may result in varied metabolic complications, which in some cases, may be related to patient genetic factors, particularly microRNAs. The use of monozygotic twins, differing only for HIV infection, presents a unique and powerful model for the controlled analysis of potential alterations of miRNAs regulation consequent to cART treatment. Profiling of 2578 mature miRNA in the subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissue and plasma of monozygotic twins was investigated by the GeneChip^® miRNA 4.1 array. Real-time PCR and ddPCR experiments were performed in order to validate differentially expressed miRNAs. Target genes of deregulated miRNAs were predicted by the miRDB database (prediction score > 70) and enrichment analysis was carried out with g:Profiler. Processes in SC adipose tissue most greatly affected by miRNA up-regulation included (i) macromolecular metabolic processes, (ii) regulation of neurogenesis, and (iii) protein phosphorylation. Furthermore, KEGG analysis revealed miRNA up-regulation involvement in (i) insulin signaling pathways, (ii) neurotrophin signaling pathways, and (iii) pancreatic cancer. By contrast, miRNA up-regulation in plasma was involved in (i) melanoma, (ii) p53 signaling pathways, and (iii) focal adhesion. Our findings suggest a mechanism that may increase the predisposition of HIV⁺ patients to insulin resistance and cancer.     

安徽省部分城乡居民血清维生素A水平及相关因素分析

了解安徽省部分城乡地区6周岁以上居民维生素A营养状况及其相关因素分析。通过多阶段分层与人口成比例的整群随机抽样的方法抽取安徽省合肥市某区和安庆市某农村年龄在6周岁以上居民468名,于2010年8月至2010年10月进行问卷调查,并采集清晨空腹静脉血分离血清,用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)测定血清视黄醇浓度水平,同时测定部分生理生化指标。研究对象血清维生素A缺乏及边缘性缺乏率为15.6%(血清视黄醇0.3μg/mL),维生素A正常率为84.4%(血清视黄醇0.3μg/mL)。调查对象的维生素A水平在地区、性别、年龄、受教育程度、人均年收入、BMI、DBP、SDP、TC和TG分布上存在差异(P0.05)。单因素线性回归分析发现血清视黄醇浓度水平与地区、年龄、受教育程度、BMI、DBP、SBP、TC、TG和Hb呈正相关。多元线性回归分析发现血清视黄醇浓度水平与地区、年龄、TC和TG呈正相关。安徽省部分城乡地区6周岁以上居民存在一定比例的维生素A缺乏状况,并可能受地区、年龄、性别、TC和TG等因素影响。     

不同工艺和马铃薯品种对马铃薯颗粒全粉品质的影响

本文在提出三种不同马铃薯颗粒全粉加工工艺（制片、制泥和微波工艺）的基础上，以三个主要马铃薯品种（大西洋、紫花白、克新四号）为原料，研究了不同生产工艺和马铃薯品种特性对马铃薯颗粒全粉品质的影响。研究结果表明：相同加工工艺条件下，马铃薯颗粒全粉碘蓝值和吸水力大小顺序为紫花白〉大西洋〉克新四号；相同马铃薯品种的情况下，马铃薯颗粒全粉碘蓝值大小顺序为：制片工艺制〉微波工艺〉制泥工艺，颗粒全粉吸水力大小顺序为：制片工艺〉制泥工艺〉微波工艺；马铃薯颗粒全粉的吸油力低（0．88～1．2ml/g），冻融稳定性好；加入1％（w／w）食盐或4％（w／w）的蔗糖以后，马铃薯颗粒全粉的吸水力表现出明显的下降，冻融析水力有增加的趋势；在从室温升温到95oC过程中，在温度相同的情况下，马铃薯颗粒全粉浆料的黏度，均表现出一个同样的规律即：紫花白〉大西洋〉克新四号；在95℃保温30min后的降温过程中，制片工艺加工马铃薯颗粒全粉的黏度处于不断增加的趋势，制泥工艺和微波工艺制得的马铃薯颗粒全粉的黏度基本上处于稳定状态。     

苯胺-邻甲苯胺共聚物的合成及其性能研究

以苯胺、邻甲苯胺为单体,过硫酸铵为氧化剂,蒸馏水为溶剂,碘为掺杂剂制备了聚苯胺、聚邻甲苯胺以及它们的共聚物,通过FT-IR、UV-Vis、TG、XRD、SEM等测试手段对单聚物和共聚物进行了结构形态表征与性能分析.碘掺杂后的单聚物和共聚物的导电率有明显的改善,其中碘掺杂聚邻甲苯胺的导电率为1.14×10-3/cm,碘掺...     

Are BPA Substitutes as Obesogenic as BPA?

Metabolic diseases, such as obesity, Type II diabetes and hepatic steatosis, are a significant public health concern affecting more than half a billion people worldwide. The prevalence of these diseases is constantly increasing in developed countries, affecting all age groups. The pathogenesis of metabolic diseases is complex and multifactorial. Inducer factors can either be genetic or linked to a sedentary lifestyle and/or consumption of high-fat and sugar diets. In 2002, a new concept of “environmental obesogens” emerged, suggesting that environmental chemicals could play an active role in the etiology of obesity. Bisphenol A (BPA), a xenoestrogen widely used in the plastic food packaging industry has been shown to affect many physiological functions and has been linked to reproductive, endocrine and metabolic disorders and cancer. Therefore, the widespread use of BPA during the last 30 years could have contributed to the increased incidence of metabolic diseases. BPA was banned in baby bottles in Canada in 2008 and in all food-oriented packaging in France from 1 January 2015. Since the BPA ban, substitutes with a similar structure and properties have been used by industrials even though their toxic potential is unknown. Bisphenol S has mainly replaced BPA in consumer products as reflected by the almost ubiquitous human exposure to this contaminant. This review focuses on the metabolic effects and targets of BPA and recent data, which suggest comparable effects of the structural analogs used as substitutes.