高氟碘溶液中脱氟工艺实验研究

探讨了一种含碘溶液的除氟工艺,添加钙盐和铝盐是处理600~750 mg/L的高氟碘溶液的有效方法,通过设计正交实验得出了富碘溶液脱氟的最优工艺条件,在pH为7左右,铝盐量为50 g/L,钙盐量为5 g/L,静置时间为3 h的条件下,碘溶液的氟含量能降到10 ppm以下。     

炭化温度对兰炭基成型活性炭性能的影响

兰炭末加入黏结剂混合成型,经炭化和活化制得成型活性炭.利用TG-DTG对热解过程中成型料的炭化行为进行探讨;测试不同炭化温度的成型活性炭的收率、抗压强度和碘吸附值,采用N2吸附法和红外光谱对450℃炭化成型活性炭的孔结构及表面化学性质进行表征.结果表明,炭化温度越高,成型活性炭的收率越小,抗压强度越小,碘吸附值越大.经450℃炭化、800℃水蒸气活化60 min制得的活性炭表面具有大量的羟基、羰基和烃羟基等活性基团,比表面积为384.53 m2/g,属于中孔隙发达的活性炭.     

碘催化合成香兰素缩1,2-丙二醇

以单质碘为催化剂,香兰素和1,2-丙二醇经缩合反应合成了香兰素缩1,2-丙二醇。考察了醛醇物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对产品收率的影响。实验表明,较佳反应条件为:当香兰素的用量为0.1mol,1,2-丙二醇的用量为0.18mol,即n(香兰素)∶n(1,2-丙二醇)=1∶1.8,催化剂用量1.2g,反应温度60℃,反应时间20min,香兰素缩1,2-丙二醇的收率达91.3%以上。     

Modeling and validation of the iodine‐sulfur hydrogen production process

The iodine‐sulfur thermochemical water‐splitting cycle (I‐S process) is one of the highly efficient, CO₂‐free, massive hydrogen production methods. We simulated the I‐S process through commercial software programs Aspen Plus and OLI database with the aid of self‐developed models to analyze the overall running status of the process and to decrease the investment and time consumption of experiments. A two‐phase separator model operating at 353 K and an electro‐electrodialysis (EED) cell model working at 338 K were built on the basis of experimental data. The entire flow sheet of the I‐S process was modeled based on the two self‐developed models. The simulation models were validated through the experimental results obtained from the closed cycle I‐S facility (IS‐10) in our laboratory. By employing the simulation program, sensitivity analyses of the important parameters in the process were carried out, including the ratio of the distillate to the feed rate of the H₂SO₄ distillation column, reflux ratio of the H₂SO₄ column, H₂SO₄ conversion ratio, HI molality in the EED cathode outlet stream, and HI mole fraction in the liquid and vapor distillates of the HI distillation column. The key parameters significantly affecting the input duty were determined; that is, the ratio of the distillate to the feed rate of the H₂SO₄ distillation column and the HI molality in the EED cathode outlet stream. The optimal values of the analyzed parameters were also discussed. The simulation program we developed is a useful tool that can evaluate and optimize the I‐S process. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 60: 546–558, 2014     

水质深度处理用活性炭的选择问题

该文从活性炭吸附容量及吸附速度与粒度的关系,以及吸附容量的条件出发,验证了活性炭的粒度与吸附水中有机物的负相关关系;碘值与亚甲蓝值之和与水处理的动态吸附容量的相关关系,从而指出在评价活性炭的吸附性能时,需要考虑其粒度对有机物去除的影响;要用碘值及亚甲蓝值之和,而不是将它们分开去评价活性炭吸附水中有机物的相关性。     

（C5H7N2O2）4（SiMo12O40）的合成、结构及催化氧化碘离子研究

采用常规水溶液法合成了一种新型的有机-无机杂化多金属氧酸盐（C₅H₇N₂O₂）₄（SiMo₁₂O₄₀）（简称SiMo-12）。采用红外光谱（IR）、热重分析（TG）、单晶和粉末X射线衍射（XRD）、元素分析等对SiMo-12进行了表征。以过氧化氢为氧化剂,运用SiMo-12催化碘离子氧化,考察了催化剂用量、氧化剂用量、pH、温度等因素对反应速率的影响。结果表明：该化合物属三斜晶系,P-1空间群,晶胞参数a=1.097 58（4） nm、b=1.144 88（4） nm、c=1.252 66（4） nm、α=64.665（1）°、β=64.804（1）°、γ=83.441（1）°、V=1.282 89（8） nm³、Z=1、R=0.034 0、wR₂=0.079 9。化合物由4个1-咪唑乙酸和一个经典的Keggin型[SiMo₁₂O₄₀]^4-单元组成,有机配体和多金属氧酸阴离子之间通过静电作用、质子转移以及氢键作用沿x轴形成一维链,链与链之间相互平行形成平行于xy面的二维层,层与层之间再通过氢键连接而得到三维网状结构。SiMo-12在催化碘离子氧化中表现出较为优异的催化活性,在c（SiMo-12）=2.0×10^-4 mol/L、c（过氧化氢）=2.0×10^-3 mol/L、pH=1.4、50 ℃条件下反应速率达到2.641 6×10^-5 mol/（L·s）,比未加催化剂时的反应速率提高了1 565倍。     

铁碘共掺杂纳米TiO2光催化降解水中土霉素的研究

以钛酸四丁酯( CH3(CH2)3O)4Ti为钛源,碘酸HIO3和硝酸铁Fe(NO3)3· 9H2O为改性剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了铁碘共掺杂纳米TiO2催化剂.利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、热重-差热(TG-DTG)、紫外可见光谱( UV-Vis)对其结构进行了表征.结果表明,当焙烧温度为400℃时,Fe/I- Ti...     

胥虹桥上部结构计算分析

胥虹桥为三孔刚架拱桥，主孔净跨为６０ｍ，全桥长度为１５５．９８ｍ，该桥于１９９２年６月建成，从竣工后延续至今，相继出现桥面裂缝，拱肋开裂，墩台变位，桥面下沉等病害。本文着重分析该桥病害发生的上部结构的原因。     

In situ observation of oxygen deficiency occurring during electron irradiation in high Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3Oy

The decreasing process of oxygen in YBa₂Cu₃O _y is investigated through high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) and convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED). Measurements of the axial length in HREM images show that oxygen content y decreases faster near a twin boundary than at the inner part of a twin lamella. The transformation from an orthorhombic to a tetragonal phase starts at a twin boundary and the transformed region propagates to an inner region of lamella. Lattice strains are observed near boundaries between transformed and non-transformed regions. The transformation is almost complete within 30 s during observation of HREM images at 400 kV and at room temperature. A value of y was quantitatively measured by analysing observed intensities of energy-filtered CBED patterns with the dynamical theory. The value of y decreases from 6.9 to 6.5 when 200 kV electrons are irradiated for 160 s in a microscope at 108 K. More precise analysis of the intensities provides information on charge distribution along the c -axis as well as local oxygen content at a spatial resolution of several nanometres.     

浅埋近距离煤层群工作面上隅角贫氧致因及综防技术

我国神东、平朔、大同煤田赋存着大量浅埋近距离煤层群,浅埋近距离煤层群具有煤层埋藏浅、煤层间距近等特点,在开采扰动下,层间易产生裂隙形成漏风通道,当地表空气进入上覆采空区,易引起上覆采空区遗煤自燃,间接影响下层煤开采过程中工作面上隅角的氧气浓度,造成贫氧现象。为了探究浅埋近距离煤层群工作面上隅角贫氧致因,提出防治贫氧的措施,以大恒煤矿91103综采工作面为研究背景,采用理论分析、CDEM数值模拟以及SF6示踪气体漏风测试等方法进行了研究。结果表明:地面裂缝、沉积现象明显;模拟煤岩损伤、破裂过程、裂隙发育,得出地表与上覆采空区、工作面贯通模型;利用连续定量释放SF6示踪气体在工作面进行漏风测定,测定结果验证了数值模拟中地表、上覆采空区以及工作面的贯通。工作面上隅角贫氧是由于浅埋赋存煤体破碎析出的低氧气体、采空区氧化衍生气体以及防灭火注入的惰性气体,在通风负压和大气压力的双重作用下,通过漏风通道进入工作面,加之U型通风方式的通风特点等多种因素共同造成的,其中工作面与地表贯通造成漏风严重是上隅角贫氧的主要致因。基于对贫氧致因的研究,大恒煤矿采用了井上下堵漏、安设风帘、埋管抽采、风机配合风筒等综合性防治措施,有效解决了工作面上隅角贫氧对安全生产的制约和影响,确保了工作面上隅角氧气浓度始终处于正常水平。