Synthesis and characterization of side‐chain liquid‐crystalline ionomers containing quaternary ammonium salt groups

A series of thermotropic side‐chain liquid‐crystalline ionomers (LCIs) containing 4‐(4‐alkoxybenzyloxy)‐4′‐allyloxybiphenyl (M) as mesogenic units and allyl triethylammonium bromide (ATAB) as nonmesogenic units were synthesized by graft copolymerization upon polymethylhydrosiloxane. The chemical structures of the polymers were confirmed by IR spectroscopy. DSC was used to measure the thermal properties of these polymers. The mesogenic properties were characterized by polarizing optical microscopy, DSC, and X‐ray diffraction. Homopolymers without ionic groups exhibit smectic and nematic mesophases. The nematic mesophases of the ionomers disappear and the mesomorphic temperature ranges decrease with increasing concentration of ionic units. The influence of the alkoxy chain length on clearing temperature (T_c) values of ionomers clearly shows an odd‐even effect, similar to that of other side‐chain liquid‐crystalline polymers. The mesomorphic temperature ranges increase with increasing alkoxy chain length when the number of alkoxy carbon is over 3. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2879–2886, 2003     

氯盐干湿循环作用下混凝土力学性能与孔结构变化研究

为探究淡水区和氯盐环境下干湿循环对混凝土构件的影响差异,分别模拟了无氯盐和有氯盐作用的干湿循环环境,测试干湿循环前后混凝土的抗压强度、动弹模量、微观孔结构参数及孔径分布情况,比较了宏微观指标变化程度。结果表明,两种干湿循环作用均对混凝土抗压强度有少许增强作用,微观表现为孔隙率的减小;两种干湿循环均会降低混凝土的动弹模量,使混凝土内部出现损伤,微观表现为混凝土孔径分布情况变差,特别是大孔含量有增加。一般干湿循环会使混凝土抗渗性增强,氯盐干湿循环会降低混凝土抗渗性,微观表现为一般干湿循环后混凝土临界孔径减小,而氯盐干湿循环后,混凝土临界孔径增大。     

应对长江口咸潮入侵的临界流量经验模型研究

1994年以来,长江口咸潮入侵严重威胁当地供水安全,随着长江上游水库群陆续建成,有关部门提出了通过上游水库群压咸调度保障长江口地区供水安全的方案。为明确压咸调度的目标流量(即临界流量),基于统计分析的方法,采用多元回归分析和主成分分析方法,选取实测站点数据建立了盐度-潮差-入海流量的相关关系统计模型,研究了咸潮发生的机理;通过模型分析多次咸潮入侵数据,确定临界流量为一个变化值,潮差290～335 cm下的临界流量在9 390～21 633 m³/s之间。研究表明,当长江口咸潮入侵时,单独依靠长江上游水库调度压咸所需的流量大,响应时间长,压咸效果不明显。因此,实际压咸调度应通过流域整体调度与本地蓄淡避咸水库共同作用应对咸潮入侵。     

甜荞麦麸皮蛋白质提取工艺研究

以甜荞麦麸皮为原料,分别以碱法和盐法提取蛋白质.通过单因素实验和正交试验,探讨了不同因素对蛋白质提取率的影响,确定了最佳提取参数.结果表明,碱法和盐法提取蛋白质的等电点分别为3.8和4.2.碱法提取蛋白质的最优条件为:pH 10.5,料液比1∶25,温度45℃,时间4h,在此条件下提取率高达70.5%.盐法提取蛋白质的最优条件为:pH 7.8,NaCl浓度0.3mol/L,料液比1∶20,温度45℃,时间1.5h,此条件下的提取率高达57.3%.     

非生育期春灌灌水量对土壤盐分变化的影响

通过田间小区试验,分析3个不同滴灌棉田春灌灌水量1350、1800和2250 m3/hm2对盐分变化的影响。试验表明:在相同灌水量下,宽行、窄行和膜间3个不同行距的脱盐效果,宽行最好;3个灌水量下,1800 m3/hm2的灌水量对盐分淋洗效果较好。此结果可为当地春灌提供指导,对制定灌溉制度有一定的借鉴作用。     

水对室温熔盐[Bpy]BF_4结构与性质的影响

采用分子动力学模拟方法研究了298.15 K、0.1 MPa下摩尔分数为0.05~0.95的水对室温熔盐1-丁基吡啶四氟硼酸([Bpy]BF4)结构与性质的影响.获得了体系的径向分布函数、配位数和空间分布函数等微观结构及其密度、自扩散系数、电导率和粘度等物理化学性质.模拟密度与实验结果符合很好;体系中各组分间的径向分布函数和配位数均随水摩尔分数的增加有规律的变化;获得了各组分之间的三维空间分布情况;随水摩尔分数的增加,阴阳离子之间的相互作用被削弱,同时水与阴离子、阳离子及水分子之间的相互作用逐渐增强,水、阴离子和阳离子的自扩散系数增大,体系粘度降低,电导率升高.研究工作揭示了水对[Bpy]BF4中各组分的存在形式、相互作用及其对体系物理化学及输运性质的影响,为其在冶金与材料制备方面的应用提供理论依据和参考.     

Preparation of Y2O3：Eu^3＋ phosphor by molten salt assisted method

A kind of fine and quasi-spherical Y2O3：Eu^3＋ phosphor was prepared by firing a preparative precursor at 1 200 ℃ for 2 h with the molten salts of Na2CO3, S and NaCl. The precursor was obtained by homogeneous precipitation of yttrium and europium with oxalic acid when using EDTA, citric acid or starch as complexant. The structure and morphology of the phosphors were characterized by XRD and SEM, respectively. The influence of complexing environment, firing temperature and molten salts on formation of the phosphor Y2O3：Eu^3＋ was discussed. The result show that the prepared Y2O3：Eu^3＋ phosphor is of quasi-spherical structure with size of 2-3 μm. Its luminescent intensity is 30% higher than that of the same phosphor prepared by the same procedure but without molten salts, and is 5% higher than that of commercial Y2O3：Eu^3＋ red phosphor.     

Multidisciplinary approach for investigating the hot corrosion behavior of thermal barrier coatings

Herein, we propose a new multidisciplinary approach for investigating the corrosion behavior of thermal barrier coatings, combining the thermal-gradient mechanical fatigue method with hot corrosion tests. Corrosive salts (Na₂SO₄; V₂O₅) of varying concentrations (10−20 mg/cm²) were deposited on the surface of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings to evaluate the microstructural changes occurring during the reaction, via thermal graded mechanical fatigue tests. The tests were conducted at a surface temperature of 1150 °C in 10 min cycles and underwent applied uniaxial tensile loads. The corrosion tests show that the ZrV₂O₇ plays an important role as an intermediate in the collapse of the lamellar structures during the reaction, which results from the repetitive precipitation of V₂O₅ and m-ZrO₂ from the ZrV₂O₇. The microstructure of corroded YSZ coatings exhibited a different degradation mechanism under a thermomechanical environment, compared with the testing under isothermal atmospheric conditions.     

二乙二醇醚马来酸酯钙/锌热稳定剂的制备及应用研究

以马来酸酐和二乙二醇醚为原料在无催化剂条件下制得二乙二醇醚马来酸酯（MD）,此分子结构中具有酯基、醚键及碳碳双键,将此中间产物分别与乙酸钙、乙酸锌反应,制得二乙二醇醚马来酸酯钙/锌盐（MD?Ca/Zn）。通过傅里叶红外测试分析了热稳定剂产物的结构,分子中含有醚键、酯基、碳碳双键、羧酸盐结构,可作为PVC主效热稳定剂。通过刚果红法、热老化法、热失重法、电导率等检测方法,和市售硬脂酸钙/锌进行对比,验证了热稳定效果及性能,分析了热稳定机理,同时探究了与辅助热稳定剂β?二酮（硬脂酰苯甲酰甲烷）的协同作用。结果表明,当MD?Ca/Zn=2∶1（质量比,下同）时,对PVC的热稳定效果最好;初期白度可以达到40 min,静态热稳定时间为35 min;与热稳定剂总质量10 %的β?二酮复配后PVC的热稳定性能还可进一步提升。     

LiF-NaF-KF-K2 TiF6-KBF4熔体中电沉积TiB2的阴极过程

采用循环伏安法研究了700℃时46.5LiF-11.5NaF-42KF(摩尔分数,%)熔盐中Ti(Ⅳ)(c(K2TiF6)=0.2 mol/L)和B(Ⅲ)(c(KBF4)=0.4 mol/L)在铂电极上的电化学还原机理,计算了各还原步骤传递的电子数。研究了LiF-NaF-KF-K2TiF6-KBF4(c(K2TiF4)=0.3 mol/L,c(KBF4)=0.3,0.6,0.9 mol/L)熔盐中电化学合成TiB2的阴极过程机理。结果表明:Ti(Ⅳ)的电化学还原为三步电荷传递反应,且阴极过程近似可逆;B(Ⅲ)在铂电极上的电化学反应机理为简单的三电子一步反应,阴极过程近似可逆;Ti(Ⅳ)和B(Ⅲ)可在同一电位下发生共沉积并反应生成TiB2。