Effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on yield,oil content,nitrogen accumulation and water use of canola (Brassica napus L.)

Effects of N application and water supply on yield, oil content and N accumulation by canola, cultivar Marnoo, grown on a heavy clay soil in the Goulburn Murray Irrigation Region were investigated. Treatments were rainfed (R_f) or watered at a deficit of 50 mm (40–60 mm, I₅₀) beginning in the spring. N treatments were 0, 50, 100 or 200 kg N ha^–1 at sowing or as split applications of 20/80, and 50/50 kg N ha^–1 at sowing and rosette, respectively.Yield (Y_g) ranged from 170 to 520 g m^–2. Irrigation and N increased yield in both years. Grain yields were increased by N application on the irrigated treatments when 100 or 200 kg N ha^–1 was applied. Oil concentrations ranged from a maximum of 46.4% in treatment N₀ to a minimum of 40.6% in treatment N₂₀₀ and was inversely related to seed N concentration. Although fertilizer N decreased oil concentration, it increased the yield of oil.Nitrogen accumulation (N_b) limited yield of all treatments and was described by the equation, Y_g = 806[1-EXP(–0.039*N_b)]. This implied a decrease in yield per unit of N_b at the higher rates of fertilizer addition with consequent increases in grain N concentration.The efficiency of water use in the production of grain (WUE_g) and biomass (WUE_b) were 7.5 and 23 kg ha^–1 mm^–1 respectively. Nitrogen additions increased WUE_g and WUE_b in both seasons. Maximum values of 8.9 (WUE_g 1986) and 26.8 (WUE_b 1987) were measured from treatment N₂₀₀. These data suggest that the crops made efficient use of the applied water.     

阳离子型双子表面活性剂的合成及表面活性

合成了一种季铵盐型双子表面活性剂Gem in i 12-3-12,采用红外光谱、元素分析和两相滴定法对其结构和纯度进行了分析,测定了不同浓度表面活性剂水溶液的表面张力,并得到临界胶束浓度(CMC)、饱和吸附量(Γm ax)、单分子饱和吸附面积(Am in)。结果表明,Gem in i 12-3-12的收率为77.2%,纯度为98.4%,它与相应的单尾基十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)的表面活性相当,但CMC比DTAB低14倍左右。     

秸秆黄腐酸包膜尿素在水稻上的应用效果

在石灰性土壤上进行田间小区试验，结果表明，秸秆黄腐酸包膜尿素能满足水稻生长最大效率期对营养的要求，有利于有效穗的分化，提高结实率。等氮量试验平均增产9．6％，等重量试验平均增产7．4％。     

刑事案件现场中微量玻璃的检验及应用

论述了刑事案件现场上微量玻璃检材的组成、提取与包装、检验方法以及在侦破刑事案件中的应用.     

Urban water demand,climatic variation,and irrigation-water insecurity: interactive stressors and lessons for water governance from the Angat River basin (Philippines)

Climatic variation and intersectoral water competition increasingly challenge the effective provision of irrigation services. This article explores their combined effects on irrigation allocation from the Angat Reservoir (Philippines), where domestic water use in Metro Manila has overtaken regional irrigation as the dominant right-holder. Rules protecting Metro Manila’s large right to water ‘interact’ with dry spells to affect irrigation security in wet and dry seasons. Historically, irrigators were uncompensated because re-allocation’s cause was contested as (1) an unforeseeable climatic event (releasing domestic utilities of liability), or (2) produced by urban demand (requiring compensation). Trade-off rules must be prepared to navigate combinatory effects.     

采用基因表达式编程的沟灌入渗模型参数估计方法

入渗参数的准确估计是沟灌系统设计优化的关键问题。本文基于基因表达式编程(GEP)算法,通过数值试验获得了沟灌入渗模型参数γ估计GEP算法所需的有效数据集合,进行了参数γ的敏感性分析,确定了模型参数γ估计GEP算法的输入因子及其最优组合,建立了γ与最优组合因子的定量关系,进而提出了γ的估计方法。研究结果表明,γ对积水深度、初始有效含水率和沟深度最敏感;土壤水力特性参数对γ影响较大,模型参数γ估计GEP算法的最优输入因子组合为积水深度、沟深、初始有效含水率、饱和导水率和进气值参数;变积水深度条件下γ的估计值与定积水深度的γ值相近;在变积水深度条件下,与利用HYDRUS-2D模型计算得到的"精确"入渗量相比,应用基于γ估计值的沟灌入渗模型计算的累积入渗量误差小于5%,满足计算精度要求。入渗过程中边界效应对总入渗量的贡献逐渐增大,与细质土壤相比,粗质土壤中边界效应对总入渗量的贡献更大,本研究条件下黏壤土中边界效应最终贡献约为25%,砂土中约为37%。研究表明GEP算法可作为沟灌入渗模型参数γ估计的一种有效方法。     

常温电沉积Fe—P—Al2O3复合镀层新工艺的研究

研究确定了常温下获得Fe-P-Al_2O_3复合电镀层的新工艺,获得的镀层光亮、致密、无裂纹,Al_2O_3颗粒的含量为5％～35％(vol),镀层显微硬度Hv=800～1100N/mm~2,耐磨性能比低温镀铁层提高5～10倍。     

基于改进的投影寻踪-云模型的农业灌溉水质综合评价

提出基于投影寻踪函数和云模型的水质综合评价模型,选取太湖流域20个样本盐度、氯化物、氨氮、溶解性固体4类具有代表性的农业灌溉水质监测数据,在综合其投影值及隶属度基础上,计算农业灌溉水质的等级区分粒度。结果表明,投影寻踪模型计算值平均绝对误差仅为0.125 2级,达到了较好的水质评价精确度,同时利用云模型计算各个监测指标得到的最大综合确定度所属级别与经验等级一致。     

2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇水溶液的表面性质研究

采用最大泡压法测定了常压下纯液体2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇(MPO)及不同浓度MPO水溶液在298.15~367.7 K范围的界面张力。实验结果表明,纯MPO及其水溶液的界面张力σ随温度升高而呈线性减小;恒温下σ随浓度的增加呈幂函数递减。MPO水溶液的表面层发生正吸附,与理论上低脂肪醇类表面张力的性质符合。而且低浓度下MPO水溶液的吸附等温线呈直线,与G ibbs吸附等温式描述的规律相吻合。     

小型农田水利规划设计要点

对农田水利规划设计的重要性进行了阐述,并分析、研究了小型农田水利规划设计的要点和标准,希望可以为我国水利工程建设提供一定的借鉴。