Multi-dimensional analysis of soil moisture dynamics in trickle irrigated fields. II: Model testing

The mathematical model which was developed in part I of this work for multi-dimensional analysis of soil moisture in irrigated fields is converted into computer algorithms. The algorithms are capable of emulating many field conditions of practical applications during both design and operation phases. The model is subjected to various tests, the results of which are reported here. The tests in various modes of simulations verified the numerical performance of the model and the accuracy of its predictions. The model provides a powerful tool for detailed studies of soil moisture dynamics in one or multi-dimensional problems irrigated fields     

Screening model for assessing ‘cost’ of minimum flow requirements in the Svartå River,Sweden

The minimum flow requirements in the Svartå River in Sweden are directed at maintaining fishlife and providing suitable dilution for waste flows. The implications of varying the minimum flow requirements in the river are examined using a mixed integer optimisation model. The model is formulated as a modified method-of-weights technique with the economic issues of hydro-electricity generation, irrigation and urban water supply placed in the objective function and the minimum flows specified within the constraint set. The integer component of the model is required to model the operating policy at the major flow regulation facility in the system and the restricted validity of the irrigation permits. Application of the model shows that in dry years where competition between minimum flow levels and the other economic uses, is most intense, the levels achieved by the various economic objectives are only slightly reduced even with significant increases in the minimum flow requirements. Variations in minimum flow requirements of up to 45% only produce changes of 10% or less in the economic objectives. The lack of sensitivity of the objective levels is due primarily to the level of control exerted indirectly on the whole system in dry years by the release regulation policy and the restricted validity of the irrigation permits. In normal to wet years these policies are not as restrictive and more choice is available. In such years, however, there is generally sufficient water to satisfy all requirements and allocation is not a critical issue. The model itself is formulated generally so that a range of scenarios beyond those examined specifically in the paper can be considered.     

基于FDR原理的自动灌溉系统设计

利用土壤的介电特性测量土壤含水量是一种快速、简便、可靠的方法。根据频域反射(FDR)法测量原理,电磁波在土壤中的传播频率可用来测试土壤的介电常数,从而得到土壤容积含水率,设计出了一种基于FDR原理的自动灌溉系统,介绍了FDR测量原理,阐述了自动灌溉系统的软硬件构成,土壤水分传感器测得的土壤水分含量信息,经信号处理,输出为0~5V电压信号,经A/D转换送至AT89S52单片机进行判断处理,根据输出数值的大小控制电磁阀的通断时间,从而实现自动灌溉和节水灌溉的目的。试验表明:该系统工作稳定,控制准确,反应灵敏,满足自动灌溉要求。     

基于无线传感器网络的小粒种咖啡园滴灌自动控制系统

为实现小粒种咖啡种植园的精量灌溉,达到节水增收的目的,基于无线传感器网络（WSNs）设计了一种滴灌自动控制系统,主要由传感器节点、簇头、控制节点和汇聚节点组成.测试了节点间的有效通信距离为50m,并在此基础上,采用静态簇和节点定位布置的方法进行了灌区划分和节点部署,每个灌区为边长50m的正方形,内设1个簇头、1个控制节点和4个传感器节点.采用定时通信与时间同步技术、休眠技术相结合的方法实现节点数据的无线传输,融合土壤含水率、光强和空气温湿度等信息,采用分区轮灌策略实现滴灌的自动控制.实验结果表明：系统实现了预期设计目标,能应用于小粒咖啡园的精量灌溉管理.     

小型农田水利规划设计要点

对农田水利规划设计的重要性进行了阐述,并分析、研究了小型农田水利规划设计的要点和标准,希望可以为我国水利工程建设提供一定的借鉴。     

开封引黄灌区灌溉条件下稻田土壤盐分阈值研究

结合各生育期水稻耐盐度、各处理实际种前初始土壤含盐量和对应生育期最高的土壤含盐量,分析了各灌溉处理条件下的稻田土壤含盐量在水稻各生育期的动态变化规律和允许初始土壤含盐量阈值.结果表明:控制灌溉及控制灌溉加淋洗条件下,各水稻生育期土壤含盐量均有不同程度降低,随着淋洗水量的增加土壤含盐量逐渐降低,并获得了不同灌溉方式下的允许稻田初始土壤含盐量阈值.此结论对实际应用有指导意义.     

信息化系统在滦河下游灌区管理中的应用

针对滦下灌区设备老化、管理落后的问题,按照经济实用、运行稳定、技术先进、随时升级的原则,对滦下灌区管理处进行了灌区信息化建设.灌区信息化系统主要包括自动化采集、自动化控制、智能化调度3大功能,初步实现了自动采集数据、遥控启闭闸门、远程屏幕监控、智能磁卡收费等功能.该灌区管理系统自应用以来成效明显,可为我国其他灌区自动化改造借鉴.     

基于小波包变换与Wiener滤波的SMT焊点图像去噪技术

针对目前SMT(surface mount technology)焊点图像去噪效果不理想的问题,提出了一种基于小波包变换与wiener滤波的SMT焊点图像去噪新方法.利用小波包对图像进行分解,可以同时对SMT焊点图像的低频和高频部分进行多层分解,有利于保留图像信息,减少噪声对图像的影响.通过对图像的小波包系数的分析,对小波包树高频系数进行Wiener滤波,保留低频系数;然后进行小波包反变换,重构得到SMT焊点去噪后图像.实验表明,提出的方法不仅可以有效地去除SMT焊点图像的噪声,而且能很好地保留原图像的边缘信息,与传统方法相比,去噪性能和去噪声效果有一定的提高.     

Closed-loop drip irrigation control using a hybrid wireless sensor and actuator network

In this research, a closed-loop drip irrigation control hybrid wireless sensor and actuator network (HWSAN) prototype were developed and deployed in a crop field for soil property precise measurement and precision irrigation in accordance with the measured soil property. The HWSAN was composed of a wireless sensor and actuator network (WSAN) used for in-field soil property monitoring and irrigation control and a laboratory supervising system. The WSAN included ten sensor nodes, five irrigation control nodes...     

紧固件稳健性设计对动力总成悬置强度影响

在动力总成悬置的开发过程中,悬置支架分析计算满足设计要求,但台架和路试中却出现断裂的情况时有发生,紧固件是影响其计算精度的重要因素之一.通过有限元法研究紧固件安装顺序对发动机悬置仿真精度的影响;通过六西格玛方法研究紧固件的稳健性设计对发动机悬置仿真精度的影响;基于所得出的结论对悬置支架进行方案优化,并对优化后的结果进行仿真和试验验证,结果表明在发动机悬置的设计中夹紧力对仿真精度有重要影响.对采用六西格玛设计的最小紧固件加紧力进行仿真计算是一种最稳健的设计.