基于GPRS的河套灌区流量测量遥控系统研究

针对河套灌区流量测量特点,提出了以GPRS无线通信技术为数据传输平台,利用超声波测流法测量明渠流量的方案.超声波测流硬件主要由智能仪表、流速传感器和液位传感器等组成.流速传感器和液位传感器能够实时采集现场数据,智能仪表对传感器采集到的数据进行底层处理,并通过GPRS模块上传给监控中心上位机.上位机对接收到的数据进行分析和处理,根据分析和处理的结果对现场仪器仪表进行控制,从而实现灌区流量管理系统的远程遥控.该系统建设成本较低,相对误差较小,可满足明渠测流的精度要求,且实时性好、可靠性高.     

襄屯灌区泵站的建设与运行

泵站对襄屯灌区工程建设和提水运用至关重要,针对灌溉要求、地质条件、地域环境的不同,采取因地制宜,科学论证来选择泵站实施方案,是搞好泵站工程的关键。文中通过对襄屯灌区已建成4个万亩以上泵站从建设和运行实施上进行总结,从而为以后选取类似最佳泵站方案提供参考。     

宽垄沟灌垄上覆膜条件下土壤水分运移试验研究

为研究宽垄沟灌时灌水前后且有覆膜条件下水分在垄沟间的运移及再分布,采用对比试验方法,在大棚内模拟宽垄沟灌垄上栽培条件和灌水方案,采用中子仪进行水分观测。试验数据显示,采用垄上覆膜,灌水后垄沟水分的侧向入渗,表现出明显的侧向运移变化。垄背剖面两观测点表层,在灌水后144 h（6 d）,覆膜条件下分别达到田间持水量的80%...     

续灌、轮灌渠道设计流量计算方法探讨

灌区节水改造项目主要是为了解决缺水地区水有效利用率偏低的问题,通过采取渠道防渗、防冲刷措施,有效减少渗漏,提高水利用系数,使得有限的水资源发挥更大的作用。灌区节水改造项目的关键是要正确分析灌区情况,确定灌溉方式,准确论证计算渠道的设计流量。本文通过对续灌、轮灌等不同的灌溉方式以及对灌溉过程中不同的灌溉要求展开论述,为解...     

灌区用水管理信息化建设的信息传输途径

信息传输技术的飞速发展为灌区信息化建设提供了坚实的基础,根据灌区信息采集及传输的实际需求,建议在进行需求分析的基础上,依据信息点的类别,选择不同的网络传输方式,同时应尽可能利用现有的社会或自有通讯资源,以减少通讯基础设施的投资和管理维护升级费用,有利于灌区信息化的可持续发展。     

调亏灌溉条件下甘蔗耗水规律试验研究

通过大棚内的甘蔗盆栽试验,研究了不同生育期调亏灌溉条件下甘蔗的耗水规律。结果表明:甘蔗的耗水强度因土壤含水量的不同而不同,各生育期内,土壤含水量大的甘蔗耗水强度就大;甘蔗各生育期的阶段耗水量因生育期的长短而不同,萌芽期的甘蔗耗水量最小,伸长期的耗水量最大。在不考虑降雨因素影响的条件下,研究了甘蔗生长的耗水规律参数。     

一种RGB颜色空间中的车牌定位新方法

车牌定位是车牌自动识别系统的关键。为了快速准确地进行车牌定位,提出了一种新的RGB颜色空间的车牌定位方法,该方法包括颜色特征提取、特征图像的二值化、形态学连通去噪、车牌候选区域检验4个步骤,同时针对传统颜色特征提取对光照变化敏感的问题,提出了一种不包含亮度信息的颜色特征提取方法;对于车牌候选区域的检验摒弃了常用的易受图像尺寸及图像分辨率影响的区域面积、宽高比、矩形度等几何特征,而是采用车牌字符数及字符排列的规则度作为判定的依据,并由此设计了一种车牌字符规则度的计算方法,用来检验车牌候选区域。通过对包含不同尺寸、不同光照条件的605幅图像进行车牌定位的实验表明,成功率超过96%,可见该颜色特征提取方法对光照变化不敏感,该车牌检验方法可适用于各种不同尺寸图像的车牌定位。     

Enhancement of thermal uniformity for a microthermal cycler and its application for polymerase chain reaction

Thermal uniformity is essentially important for micro reactors which require precise control of critical reaction temperatures. Accordingly, we report a new approach to increase the temperature uniformity inside a microthermal cycler, especially for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It enhances the thermal uniformity in the reaction region of a PCR chip by using new array-type microheaters with active compensation (AC) units. With this approach, the edges of the microthermal cyclers which commonly have significant temperature gradients can be compensated. Significantly, the array-type microheaters provide higher uniformity than conventional block-type microheaters. Besides, experimental data from infrared (IR) images show that the percentages of the uniformity area with a thermal variation of less than 1 °C are 63.6%, 96.6% and 79.6% for three PCR operating temperatures (94, 57 and 72 °C, respectively) for the new microheaters. These values are significantly better than the conventional block-type microheaters. Finally, the performance of this proposed microthermal cycler is successfully demonstrated by amplifying a detection gene associated with Streptococcus Pneumoniae (S. Pneumoniae). The PCR efficiency of the new microthermal cycler is statistically higher than the block-type microheaters. Therefore, the proposed microthermal cycler is suitable for DNA amplification which requires a high temperature uniformity and is crucial for micro reactors with critical thermal constraints.     

A full‐color eyewear display using planar waveguides with reflection volume holograms

Abstract— A full‐color eyewear display with over 85% see‐through transmittance with a 16° horizontal field of view was developed. Very low color crosstalk, less than 0.008 Δu′v′ uniformity, and 120% NTSC color gamut were achieved. Waveguides with two in‐ and out‐coupling reflection volume hologram elements enabled a simple configuration that has an optical engine beside the user's temples. The reflection volume hologram elements used on the waveguides realized a small thickness of 1.4 mm for each waveguide, and an out‐coupling reflection volume hologram used as an optical combiner contributed a high see‐through transmittance of 85% due to its wavelength selectivity. However, there are technical challenges in achieving a reasonable screen size and quality color images with optics that utilize holographic waveguides because holograms have large chromatic dispersions compared to conventional optical elements such as lenses and mirrors. Approaches to overcome these issues are described.