基于群体适应度方差的自适应混沌粒子群算法*

已有的混沌粒子群算法多使用Logistic混沌映射,但Logistic混沌映射产生的混沌序列不够均匀,影响了混沌粒子群算法的性能。提出在混沌粒子群算法中引入均匀性更好的An混沌映射,利用An混沌映射初始化粒子群的位置和速度,并通过适应度方差的变化来自适应控制部分粒子进行混沌更新,来改善混沌粒子群算法的性能。数值仿真的结果表明,改进算法的收敛性和全局搜索能力都有所提高,能有效避免早熟收敛。     

网站导航设计分析

网站导航的基本作用是为了让用户在浏览网站过程中不至迷失,并且可以方便地回到网站首页以及其他相关内容的页面。网站导航设计的好坏与否影响着用户对网站的感受,也是网站信息是否可以有效地传递给用户的重要影响因素之一。因此,网站导航系统也成为评价网站是否专业、是否具有网络营销导向的基本指标之一。     

甘肃景电灌区次生盐化土壤的性质及其发生机理

本文对甘肃景电灌区次生盐化土壤的理化性质进行了研究 .该区次生盐渍化土壤主要为硫酸盐氯化物和氯化物硫酸盐型 ,水溶性钠离子在阳离子中占绝对优势 .土壤通体碳酸钙含量很高 ,并有少量的石膏 .钠离子饱和度很高 ,具有钠质特性或钠质化现象 ,盐化与钠质化同时进行 .在此基础上对次生盐渍化的机理和改良进行了讨论     

Time-dependent soil-water distribution under a circular trickle source

Soil-water distribution in homogeneous soil profiles of Yolo clay loam and Yolo sand (Typic xerorthents) irrigated from a circular source of water, was measured several times after the initiation of irrigation. The effect of trickle discharge rates and soil type on the locations of the wetting front and soil-water distribution was considered. Soil-water tension and hydraulic conductivity, as functions of soil-water content, were also measured. The theories of time-dependent, linearized infiltration from a circular source and a finite-element solution of the two-dimensional transient soil-water equation were compared with the experimental results. In general, for both soils the computer horizontal and vertical advances of the wetting front were closely related to those observed. With both theories, a better prediction of the wetting front position for the clay loam soil than for the sandy soil is shown. The calculated and measured horizontal vertical advances did not agree over long periods of time. With the linearized solution, overestimated and underestimated vertical advances for the clay and sandy soils, respectively, were shown. The finite-element model approximate in a better way the vertical advances than the linearized solution, while an opposite tendency for the horizontal advances indicated, especially in sandy soil.Notation k constant (dK/d) - K hydraulic conductivity - K ₀ saturated hydraulic conductivity - J ₀,J ₁ Bessel functions of the first kind - h soil water tension - q Q/r ₀ ² - Q discharge rate - r cylindrical coordinate; also horizontal distance in soil surface - R dimensionless quantity forr - r ₀ constant pond radius - R ₀ dimensionless quantity forr ₀ - t time - T dimensionless quantity fort - x, y Cartesian coordinates - z vertical coordinate; also vertical distance along thez axis chosen positively downward - Z dimensionless quantity forz - empirical soil characteristic constant - dummy variable of integration - volumetric soil water content - matrix flux potential - dimensionless quantity for      

谈长龙灌区渠道整治措施

本文根据江西省赣州市中型灌区节水配套改造项目原则和要求,针对兴国县长龙灌区渠系及其建筑物目前存在的问题,分别提出了相应的整治措施,为确保灌区渠道输水安全,进一步提高灌区水的利用率和灌溉保证率,从设计方法上提供有益的经验.     

论郑州市花园口灌区发展引黄供水事业的制约瓶颈及良策

花园口引黄灌区是郑州市的一座中型灌区,成立较早,灌区建设早期主要承担农业灌溉任务,随着城市化进程的加快,灌区同时承担龙湖调蓄池、三河一渠的供水任务。笔者通过研究近几年灌区发展状况,提出了七个制约灌区良性发展的问题,并针对问题,提出解决对策。     

膜缝沟灌技术要素试验研究

试验选择了膜缝宽度、土壤初始含水率、土壤密度及水深四个因素,通过四因素-三水平的正交试验设计方案,采用极差分析方法,以入渗速率和水平与垂向湿润锋推进距离的比值为评价指标,得出了适宜室内试验条件下膜缝沟灌较为合理的技术要素组合,即当初始含水率为9%、土壤密度为1.45g/cm3时,最优膜缝宽度为5 cm,最佳水深为12 cm。这对提高田间水利用率和灌溉水利用率,有一定的理论和实践意义。     

干旱区滴灌核桃树根系空间分布特性研究

为了研究核桃树根系空间分布特性,本文使用分层分段挖掘法对干旱区滴灌方式下核桃树根系总根长、根重、有效吸收根根长的空间分布规律进行了研究。研究表明：核桃树根系总根长水平方向主要分布在0～120cm处,占其总分布的90．84％;垂直方向主要分布在0～90cm处,占其总分布的78．75％。根重水平方向主要分布在0～30cm处,占其总分布的52．49％;垂直方向主要分布在15～75em处,占其总分布的61．12％。有效吸水根根长在水平距离60cm和垂直深度60cm处为分布密集区。在距离树干水平距离60cm和垂直深度60cm附近的根区,应作为核桃树水肥管理的重点区域。     

The Afghan water law: “a legal solution foreign to reality”? 1

In this article the suggested permit and licence systems included in the draft Afghan Water Law of 2008 (superseding those laws of 1981 and 1991) are examined by comparing them with main canal data from two pilot studies within the Kunduz Basin. The comparison highlights the difficulty of making these proposed legal frameworks operative. Overall, it appears that the sections within the law on permits and licences are not implementable within or even useful for the traditional irrigation systems, but mainly play into the hands of the national hydrocracy and please international donors.     

Integrated Water Resources Management in the Republic of Uzbekistan

Abstract

The Uzbek socio-economic structure is characterized by the transition from a centrally-planned to a market-orientated economy, with a shifting from agricultural production to industrial development. However, the agricultural sector continues to play a significant role in a general economy of the country. The major water sector strategy is to decrease the dependence of agricultural production on climate by introducing advanced irrigation techniques and water saving methods to achieve future sustainable socio-economic development and environmental protection. Water management policy should be flexible enough to adapt to new demands. The regulation of consumption through demand management tools, such as appropriate pricing policies, has recently received greater attention in Uzbekistan. The main thesis of this paper is that allocation of water resources cannot be separated from ecological and economic considerations. The establishment of development objectives and the identification of constraints are also discussed. In the coming years, special attention will need to be paid to the control of water pollution and land salinization, water resources conservation, and acknowledging that actions to increase water productivity are as important as finding additional sources of water.