注重旱区湿地生态保护与修复的疏漫灌溉研究

针对干旱地区传统生态调度“只调不灌”造成的湿地生态补水效果欠佳、生境日益退化等实际问题,本文提出了疏漫灌溉的基本理念,明确了疏漫灌溉的定义、内涵及系统组成,搭建了疏漫灌溉系统,构建了疏漫灌溉技术体系。本文以哈巴河流域阿克齐湿地为研究区域,基于疏漫灌溉的系统组成优化了阿克齐湿地原有的工程体系;基于工程布局等要素划分了不同水平年下的三层级生态修复分区;采用Penman-Monteith公式计算了疏漫灌溉区不同地类的适宜生态需水量,采用改进的Tennant法确定了湿地的最低生态流量,最后制定了疏漫灌溉制度。研究结果表明：(1)湿地需水月份集中在4—10月份,其中6—8月份为主要生态需水期,平均生态基流为4.66 m³/s;(2)疏漫灌溉工程的布设和生态修复分区的确定改善了湿地供水条件,形成了生态分区与工程体系一一对应的靶向补水模式;(3)疏漫灌溉制度的制订可为生态工程的规划设计以及灌区引水的管理提供科学依据;(4)实施生态调度后,草地、自由水面以及沼泽面积均呈递增趋势,沙化面积减少了9.83%,湿地的水系连通性得到改善,斑块破碎化逐渐修复。研究成果可为提高旱区水资源利用效率、旱区生境的保护与修复提供技术支撑。     

2‐D/3‐D switchable displays

Abstract— In this paper, the design of a lenticular‐based 2‐D/3‐D display for mobile applications is described. This display combines look‐around capability with good 3‐D resolution. In order to allow high‐resolution datagraphic applications, a concept based on actively switched lenses has been developed. A very noticeable problem for such displays is the occurrence of dark bands. Despite slanting the lenticular and defocusing the lens, banding becomes unacceptable when the display is viewed from an angle. As a solution, fractional viewing systems to reduce the banding intensity by almost two orders of magnitude is introduced. The resulting 3‐D display can be viewed from any horizontal direction without banding.     

Recursion from iteration

In a simply-typed, call-by-value (CBV) language with first-class continuations, the usual CBV fixpoint operator can be defined in terms of a simple, infinitely-looping iteration primitive. We first consider a natural but flawed definition, based on exceptions and iterative deepening of finite unfoldings, and point out some of its shortcomings. Then we present the proper construction using full first-class continuations, with both an informal derivation and a proof that the behavior of the defined operator faithfully mimics a built-in recursion primitive. In fact, given an additional uniformity assumption, the construction is a two-sided inverse of the usual definition of iteration from recursion. Continuing, we show that the CBV looping primitive is in fact the direct-style equivalent of a continuation-passing-style fixpoint, and that this correspondence extends all the way to traditional definitions of these operators in terms of reflexive types.An earlier version of this work appeared inProceedings of the 1992 ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on Continuations.Supported in part by NSF Grant CCR-8922109 and in part by the Avionics Lab, Wright Research and Development Center, Aeronautical Systems Division (AFSC), U.S. Air Force, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433-6543 under Contract F33615-90-C-1465, ARPA Order No. 7597. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the author and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government.     

节水灌溉微机远程控制系统的设计

介绍一种采用组态软件实现计算机控制的节水灌溉自动控制系统的设计方案，利用PC机通过485总线远程控制灌区的电磁阀，实现各种灌溉方式。所用灌溉事件自动插入数据库，并自动形成各种报表，以便对灌溉数据进行统计分析。本系统应用于省级节水灌溉示范项目。     

高温合金IN690碳化物析出及对组织的影响

通过对IN690合金进行的固溶处理试验和压缩试验,研究了其合金晶粒组织和碳化物的变化规律以及碳化物对组织均匀性的影响。结果表明:晶粒组织随固溶温度的升高而增大,碳化物含量随温度升高而逐渐减小。当碳化物完全溶解时,晶粒会急剧长大。因而碳化物在晶界处有钉扎作用,限制晶粒的快速长大,对晶粒的均匀性有重要的影响。通过压缩实验分析了不同变形温度和变形速率对碳化物析出的规律影响。随压缩温度的升高晶内碳化物逐步溶解,并向晶界处转移。随变形速率增大,碳化物沿晶界析出增多,当变形温度为1200℃和变形速率为80s-1时,晶粒均匀性较好。     

船用柴油机选择性催化还原系统设计及试验验证

结合船用中速柴油机开展选择性催化还原(selective catalytic reduction,SCR)系统的设计和性能试验验证,着重关注还原剂均匀分布、排气均匀度、系统稳定可靠控制及催化剂布置等方面,形成适用于船用环境的SCR系统设计方案.基于6L21/31中速柴油机D2以及E3循环工况开展SCR系统配机试验,结果...     

楔横轧多楔轧制高铁空心车轴壁厚均匀性

在空心轴楔横轧多楔轧制中,控制壁厚均匀性是衡量车轴成形质量的重要标准.本文先分析空心轴楔横轧多楔轧制的稳定轧制条件,得到了确定空心车轴楔横轧压扁失稳的准则.在此基础上,基于DEFORM-3D软件,建立楔横轧多楔同步轧制高铁空心车轴的三维刚塑性有限元模型,分析展宽角、成形角等工艺参数对壁厚均匀性的影响,获得了工艺参数影响轧制空心车轴壁厚变化的规律.结果表明:成形角越大,壁厚均匀性越好;展宽角越大,壁厚均匀性越好,但在展宽角大于10°时,壁厚均匀性反而下降.基于多楔轧制实验,轧制1∶5缩比的空心车轴,测量了轧制力矩和轧制空心轴的壁厚,与仿真结果作比较,相对误差均在10%以内,验证了所建有限元模型的正确性.     

基于NS-DSMC耦合方法与Langmuir探针诊断的射频等离子体氧化过程中等离子体分布

采用Navier-Stokes方程和直接模拟蒙特卡罗方法相结合的方式模拟了反应腔内的气体流动,并结合Langmuir探针检测设备分析了气体流速与等离子体密度的关系。结果表明,流体均匀性对等离子体的均匀性有显著影响。在6.5 Pa的压力下,等离子体密度和流速呈正相关,与在大气压下的实验结果一致,说明提高流体均匀性可以提高等离子体的氧化均匀性。     

菏泽市节水灌溉现状及对策分析

通过对菏泽市节水灌溉现状的调查,分析了节水灌溉工作中存在的问题和原因,提出了加快菏泽市节水灌溉发展的措施和对策,以期对黄河下游平原地区节水灌溉的发展提供一定的借鉴和参考。     

西藏拉洛水利枢纽及配套灌区工程下泄流量的初步研究

回顾了国内外有关河流生态环境需水的研究进展以及目前较常用的河道内生态环境需水量的计算方法。以西藏拉洛水利枢纽及配套灌区工程为实例,采用多种计算方法对工程拟定的下泄流量方案进行分析比较,并指出工程下泄流量方案存在的问题。分析结果表明,工程拟定的方案在下泄水量方面是满足下游生态环境需水要求的,但下泄流量过程可进一步优化,以减缓引水对下游生态环境的影响。