液体射流激光击穿光谱检测重金属研究

基于自行研制的新型液体射流的激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)实验装置,研究了实验条件(如积分延时、激光能量等)对金属LIBS谱线强度的影响。实验获取了K2Cr2O7、Pb(NO3)2和CdBr2水溶液样品在532nm激光激发下的等离子体发射光谱,标识了Cr、Pb和Cd等重金属元素的特征谱线,获得Cr、Pb、Cd的探测限约为0.32、15.6、57.6mg/L,展示了液体射流LIBS用于水体中重金属快速检测的能力。     

CO2激光切割质量的视觉检测(Ⅱ) 切割质量的评价方法及其视觉图像特征

提出了利用切割面下缘粗糙度作为评价切割面质量的方法.建立了侧面视觉检测系统,对激光切割过程中火花簇射行为进行分析.结果表明在一定工艺条件下,随着切割速度的变化,火花簇射喷射长度以具有极大值的倒U形曲线形式变化,最大的火花喷射长度(即火花簇射视觉图像不同亮度带像素数的极大值)对应于最低的切割面近下缘粗糙度.     

浅述设备对PCB微孔电镀镀液更新之影响

分析了设备对PCB电镀过程中孔中镀液更新之影响,为有效地利用设备条件改善孔中镀液的更新提供了一些方法及理论数据。     

等离子熔射过程数据挖掘技术及智能控制策略

结合图像处理与模式识别技术提取等离子射流的形态特征,采用射流狭长度对其进行表征.采用数据挖掘技术将等离子弧电流、电压参数和射流狭长度特征进行聚类分析,构造对等离子熔射过程中射流发生子系统进行智能化控制的知识库.根据涂层的残余应力、孔隙率和硬度等主要性能参数以及微观组织结构对分类结果进行质量评判,生成工艺参数到最佳分类的推理规则集,从而实现了对工艺参数—射流形态—涂层性能之间关联关系的研究.基于规则库监督多模型自适应控制系统结构,提出了一种等离子射流发生子系统的智能化控制策略.     

超临界二氧化碳射流中的颗粒跟随及影响因素

超临界二氧化碳射流具有破岩速度高、门限压力低等优势,加入磨料颗粒形成超临界二氧化碳磨料射流,将取得更高的冲蚀切割效率。为研究超临界二氧化碳磨料射流可行性,采用数值模拟方法,对比分析了单个颗粒在超临界二氧化碳等流体射流中的运动特征,揭示了流体温度、磨料粒径对颗粒跟随运动的影响规律。结果表明,与相同条件下在水与压裂液射流中相比,磨料颗粒在超临界二氧化碳射流中运动规律相似,但初始滑脱速度较大、跟随能力较弱,获得的喷射速度与撞击靶件壁面速度较高,表明超临界二氧化碳具有良好的颗粒携带能力;流体温度升高、磨料粒径增大均会使颗粒滑脱速度增大、削弱跟随运动效率,但同时也降低了喷嘴外流场中颗粒所受运动阻力,显著提高了喷射速度与撞击壁面速度。由此可知,对于石英、陶粒等常用磨料材质,在常规储层温度(60~140℃)与粒径范围(20~70目)内,超临界二氧化碳磨料射流可有效形成并进行高效冲蚀切割作业。     

增产喷气燃料加氢裂化技术的开发及应用

介绍了一种新的可增产喷气燃料加氢裂化技术,该技术通过不同类型加氢裂化催化剂的活性匹配,在最大量增产喷气燃料的同时,还能改善加氢裂化尾油的BMCI值,特别适合采用单一类型加氢裂化催化剂的加氢裂化装置,通过更换少量催化剂即可明显增加企业的经济效益,已在国内多套加氢裂化装置应用,获得良好的效果。某石化分公司1.8 Mt/a加氢裂化装置应用结果表明,在尾油收率基本相同的条件下,喷气燃料产率可增加14.72%,尾油BMCI值降低1~2单位。     

Effect of corona discharge plasma jet treatment on decontamination and sprouting of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) seeds

Sprout-related outbreaks of foodborne illnesses are increasingly becoming a food safety concern. Different pathogenic microorganisms that originate from sprout seeds are known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of such outbreaks. Therefore, in order to decontaminate and also to enhance the germination of seeds, the applications of non-thermal plasma based techniques are increasingly being investigated in the field of agricultural science as an alternative to conventional pre-germination treatments. This work was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of corona discharge plasma jet (CDPJ) for microbial decontamination of rapeseed seeds, and also studied the plasma treatment effect on the seed germination and physicochemical properties of sprouts (grown from the plasma-treated seeds). Aerobic bacteria, molds and yeast, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. were detected as contaminants in the seeds. All the detected microorganisms were reduced in the range of 1.2–2.2 log CFU/g upon the CDPJ treatment for 3 min. The inactivation patterns are better explained using pseudo-first-order kinetics. The plasma treatment of seeds up to 2 min showed positive effects on their germination rate and seedling growth. Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of rape sprouts were unaffected due to the CDPJ treatment of their respective seeds. Therefore, the CDPJ treatment of rapeseed seeds has not only reduced the seed microbial load, but also contributed to the enhancement of their germination rate and seedling growth, without adversely affecting the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of their corresponding sprouts.     

枪口压力对水下发射膛口流场特性的影响

为了研究机枪水下发射枪口燃气喷射压力对膛口流场分布特性的影响,基于流体计算软件FLUENT,采用结构化网格并结合动网格技术,建立了水下枪膛口流场二维轴对称仿真模型,针对14.5 mm水下枪,分别采用30 MPa、45 MPa和60 MPa燃气喷射压力对水下密封式发射膛口流场进行了数值模拟。计算结果表明:3种枪口喷射压力条件下,火药燃气喷出膛口后都迅速形成射流膨胀区,膛口轴向压力急剧衰减,燃气扩展过程中受到水和弹丸的较大阻力,在弹后空间聚集,使得压力有不同程度的升高; 燃气喷射压力在30～60 MPa范围内,膛口马赫盘初步形成的时间略有不同,约在145～152 μs之间,压力越小时,马赫盘形成越早且弹丸越早脱离火药燃气的包围; 3种压力条件下马赫盘距离膛口中心位置随时间的变化都呈指数分布规律。     

Jet Formation and Penetration Study of Double-Layer Shaped Charge

A theoretical analysis on detonation wave propagation in a double-layer shaped charge (DLSC) is performed. Numerical simulations using the AUTODYN software are carried out to compare the distinctions between jet formations in DLSC and ordinary shaped charge (OSC), in particular, the OSC made using a higher detonation velocity explosive, which is treated as the outer layer charge in the DLSC. The results show that the improved detonation velocity ratio and radial charge percentage of outer-to-inner layer charge are conducive to the formation of a convergent detonation wave, which contributes to enhancement of jet tip velocity in DLSC. The thickness and mass percentages of liner flowing into jet in DLSC closely follow the exponential distribution along the radial direction, but the percentages in DLSC and the mass of effective jet, which have significant influence on the penetration depth, are lower than those in OSC with the outer layer charge. This implies that the total charge energy is the major factor controlling the effective jet formation, which is confirmed by the verification tests using flash X-ray system and following penetration tests. The numerical simulation and test results compare well, while penetration test results indicate that the performance of DLSC is not better than that of OSC with the outer layer charge, due to the differences in jet formation.     

长距离管输对3号喷气燃料导电性能和清洁性能的影响

分析了长距离管输后3号喷气燃料电导率严重衰减的原因和补加抗静电剂后对3号喷气燃料电导率和水反应指标的影响。对比了成品油长距离管输和喷气燃料馏分长距离管输对3号喷气燃料电导率和水反应指标的影响，并对比了两种管输方式的优缺点，提出对3号喷气燃料的管输建议。3号喷气燃料的长距离管输，优先采用喷气燃料馏分油管输在末端加注抗静电剂的方式；需兼顾汽运时，宜采用成品油管输并在末端根据电导率衰减情况，最小量补加抗静电剂的方式，以获得较高的成功率和较好的经济效益。