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91.
Ski jump trajectory with consideration of air resistance   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
In the case of the ski-jump type energy dissipation,the jet trajectory will be greatly affected by the air entrainment and the air resistance.It is necessary to consider those factors when estimating the trajectory of the jet flow.In this work,the effect of the air resistance on the jet trajectory is theoretically and experimentally investigated.A comprehensive resistance coefficient is proposed.To determine this coefficient,experiments of five models are conducted with the circular-shaped flip bucket placed at the point of the takeoff of ski jumps.It is shown that,this coefficient of the lower jet trajectory is only related to the approach flow Froude number,while that of the upper jet trajectory is dominated by both this Froude number and the deflection angle.Furthermore,the present methodology is validated by experimental data in this work and the maximum errors are not larger than 3.2%and 8.6%for the lower and upper jet trajectories,respectively.  相似文献   
92.
The hydrodynamics of a single jet and four tandem jets in a cross flow are simulated by using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software Fluent. The realizable model is used to close the Reynolds-Averaged equations. The flow characteristics of the jets, including the jet trajectory, the velocity field and the turbulent kinetic energy are obtained with various jet-to-cross flow velocity ratios in the range of 2.38-17.88. It is shown that a single jet penetrates slightly deeper than the first jet in a jet group at the same , although the difference decreases with the decrease of . It is also found that the way in which the velo-city decays along the centerline of the jet is similar for both a single jet and the first jet in a group, and the speed of the decay increases with the decrease of . The downstream jets in a group are found to behave differently due to the sheltering effect of the first jet in the group. Compared with the first jet, the downstream jets penetrate deeper into the cross flow, and the velocity decays more slowly. The circulation zone between the two upstream jets in the front is stronger than those formed between the downstream jets. The Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) sees a distinct double-peak across the cross-sections close to each nozzle, with low values in the jet core and high values in the shear layers. The double-peak gradually vanishes, as the shear layers of the jet merge further away from the nozzle, where the TKE assumes peaks at the jet centerline.  相似文献   
93.
The high speed fluid jet for directly or indirectly breaking rock is one of the most effective ways to improve the deep penetration rate.In order to maximize the efficiency of energy use,the flow characteristics of different combinations of high pressure jet nozzles are analyzed through numerical simulations.According to the velocity vectors at the bottom and the bottom hole pressure diagram,the effects of the high pressure nozzle combinations on the flow structure and the penetration rate are analyzed.It is shown that the combination of three vertical edge nozzles is very efficient,but inefficient in cleaning the bottom hole and eroding the wall.The jet velocity is 400 m/s and the radius is 5 mm,with a center nozzle added,the problem can be solved,but the high-pressure fluid displacement would increase.The center nozzle’s jet velocity is 200 m/s and the radius is 8 mm,the combination of two vertical edge nozzles and a center tilt nozzle or that of a vertical edge nozzle and a center tilt nozzle would provide a flow structure favorable for drilling.The angle of inclination is 10o.To take advantage of high pressure jet energy to improve the efficiency of drilling,it is important to select a suitable nozzle combination according real conditions.  相似文献   
94.
新立城水库土坝坝基属于双层地基,即表层为粘性土层,下面为沙砾石层。坝基下砾质粗砂和细砾为强透水层,连续分布。因需要防渗的透水层不厚(仅2~5m),采用高压喷射灌浆封堵透水层。施工前选定与坝段同样地质条件的试验场,用实际施工的喷灌设备分不同方案进行原型试验,开挖后观察成墙效果,最后确定施工技术参数。  相似文献   
95.
随着高速列车运行速度的不断提高,受电弓气动噪声也愈加严重。针对这一问题,文中采用LES大涡模拟、边界层噪声源模型和FW-H声类比法,通过建立某型号受电弓局部1:1气动噪声分析模型进行数值模拟。文中研究了受电弓各部位的气动噪声贡献量,还探究了针对较大噪声位置空腔采用射流降噪方法的降噪效果。结果表明,当网格总数为4 323万个时,数值模拟精确度满足要求。受电弓空腔上游和空腔中部绝缘子是气动噪声的主要来源。在射流降噪前后,空腔内部气动噪声均为宽频带噪声,主要能量集中在0~4 500 Hz。对250 km·h-1行驶速度下的空腔进行主动射流降噪,距列车25 m远处的垂向监测点声压级最小值为81.65 dB,比降噪前降低了2.64 dB。  相似文献   
96.
金刚石自支撑膜的高温红外透过性能   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
由于金刚石具有低吸收和优异的力学与导热性能使其成为长波(8~12μm)红外光学窗口材料的重要选择。对于许多极端条件的应用,化学气相沉积(CVD)金刚石自支撑膜的高温光学性质至关重要。应用直流电弧等离子喷射法制备光学级金刚石自支撑膜进行变化温度的红外光学透过性能研究,采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射、激光拉曼和傅里叶变换红外-拉曼光谱仪检测CVD金刚石膜的表面形貌、结构特征和红外光学性能。结果表明:在27℃时金刚石膜长波红外8~12μm之间的平均透过率达到65.95%,在500℃时8~12μm处的平均透过率为52.5%。透过率下降可分为3个阶段。对应于透过率随温度的下降,金刚石膜的吸收系数随温度的升高而增加。金刚石自支撑膜表面状态的变化,对金刚石膜光学性能的影响显著大于内部结构的影响。  相似文献   
97.
Aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMCs) explicitly show better physical and mechanical properties as compared to aluminum alloys and results in a more preferred material for a wide range of applications. The addition of reinforcements embargo AMMCs employment to industry requirements by increasing order of machining complexity. However, it can be machined with a high order of surface integrity by nonconventional approaches like abrasive water jet machining. Hybrid aluminum alloy composites were reinforced by B4C (5–15?vol%) and solid lubricant hBN (15?vol%) particles and fabricated using a liquid metallurgy route. This research article deals with the experimental investigation on the effect of process parameters such as mesh size, abrasive flow rate, water pressure and work traverse speed of abrasive water jet machining on hybrid AA6061-B4C-hBN composites. Water jet pressure and traverse speed have been proved to be the most significant parameters which influenced the responses like kerf taper angle and surface roughness. Increase in reinforcement particles affects both the kerf taper angle and surface roughness. SEM images of the machined surface show that cutting wear mechanism was largely operating in material removal.  相似文献   
98.
There is a growing interest in the development of microelectronics that can perform reliably and robustly at temperatures above 300 °C. Such devices require stable thermal properties, low thermal drift, and thermal cycling resistance. Conventional hybrid circuit technology demonstrates high-temperature packages, but the high costs and lead time are significant drawbacks. In contrast, additive manufacturing processes, including aerosol jet printing (AJP), offer cost and time benefits, as well as 3D structures and embedded features. However, the properties and reliability of additive packaging materials at extreme temperatures are not well known. Herein, the reliability at temperatures up to 750 °C in terms of electrical performance and mechanical strength of aerosol jet printed gold thick films onto ceramic substrates are assessed. Thermal coefficient of resistance of printed gold films is measured. The electrical resistance stability and leakage current of printed gold structures are also characterized during over 100 h of aging at temperatures up to 750 °C. Finally, the mechanical adhesion strength of the printed gold films is evaluated after aging for 100 h at temperatures up to 750 °C. The adhesion of the printed gold to the ceramic substrates remains high after aging, very stable resistances and minimal leakage currents have been observed.  相似文献   
99.
双股射流壁面脉动压强与近壁紊动流速相关与频谱特性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文用多通道动态压力检测系统和二维激光测速仪对在单股和双股射流作用下,水垫塘底板脉动压强与近壁脉动流速的相关,功率谱和紊动比尺进行了测试研究。实测表明,双股射流形成的动水扩建在塘底水平方向的脉动使得双股射流在第二冲击点下游的脉动量特性与单股射流不同:前者的水平脉动速度与脉动压强的互相关系数较后者明显增大,且水平脉动速度和脉动压强的功率谱具有大致相同的优势频率。单股和双股射流塘底脉动压强系数与近壁紊  相似文献   
100.
根据煤层气近水平孔钻进的实际需求,结合水力纠偏技术,提出了一种水力纠偏射流自动定向方案,并在此基础上设计了一种纠偏系统。该纠偏系统以单片机为控制核心,采用压力传感器监测钻井液压力的变化以启动或停止整个水力纠偏钻进过程,以倾角传感器和电子罗盘分别采集水平钻孔的倾角和方位角,单片机根据方位角和倾角的值及其互相关系确定射流方向后控制步进电动机调整射流方向。室内调试证明了该射流自动定向方案的可行性。  相似文献   
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