形状记忆合金在航空工业中的应用研究进展

形状记忆合金具有高能量密度，作为驱动器使用不会引起重量的显著增加和空间的过度占用，因而在航空航天器的一些结构中具有良好的应用前景。本文对航空工业中使用形状记忆合金作为驱动器，应用于飞机机翼结构、进气道结构和发动机的相关研究进行了总结，并提出形状记忆合金在航空工业中应用的未来研究方向。     

截齿等离子束表面冶金铁基耐磨涂层研究

采用等离子束表面冶金技术，在采煤机截齿磨损严重的部位制备了与基材呈冶金结合的铁基复合涂层。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X衍射仪和显微硬度计等手段分析了冶金涂层组织，测试了涂层的显微硬度和磨损性能。结果表明：涂层主要由γ-（Fe，Ni）和（Cr，Fe）7（C，B）3相组成，在固溶强化、弥散强化和细晶体强化共同作用下，冶金涂层具有较高的显微硬度和较好的耐磨性能。     

Surface nitridation of titanium metal by means of a gas tunnel type plasma jet

The surface nitridation of titanium was carried out at a low pressure in nitrogen atmosphere using a gas tunnel type plasma jet. The titanium nitride (TiN) film, 10 μm thick and 2000 HV, could be formed in 10 s. The structure of the TiN film was investigated by XRD. The Vickers hardness on the surface of the film was measured. The effects of deposition conditions on the properties of TiN films (TiN thickness,Vickers hardness, etc.) were investigated, and the advantage of this deposition method was identified from those results.     

高速电喷镀制备纳米PTFE镍基复合镀层

研究了以Q235和65Mn钢为基底,经高速电喷镀形成的纳米PTFE镍基复合镀层,考察了喷射速度对镀层沉积速率、表面显微硬度、结晶组织形貌以及镀层结合力的影响,探讨了喷射速度影响镀层性能组织的原因机理。结果表明,喷射速度在4.2～6.3m/s时获得的镀层有较高的沉积速率和表面硬度,晶粒细小、组织致密,镀层结合力较高。     

磨料射流技术用于石油管道表面预处理

从工作原理、工艺流程、技术参数、装置组成等方面 介绍已应用于胜利油田生产的磨料射流油管表面预处理生产线,应用证明：它具有处理质量好、速度快、无污染、操作简便等优点,是进行油管表面预处理的全新工艺.     

不同流量下环翼型防冲板结构优化试验

为了研究不同流量条件下桥墩局部冲刷问题,在单片挡板基础上,增加防冲板数量形成了多级防冲结构。利用多元统计方法对防冲效果进行了主成分分析,认为最大冲坑深度最能体现试验效果,并以最大冲坑深度为指标进行试验分析。试验结果表明:在流量为75 m3/h时,增加防冲板数量并不能有效提升防冲效果;当流量增加到115 m3/h时,通过增加防冲板数量可在一定程度上提高桥墩的防冲能力,并且防冲效果随着防冲板间距的减小而增强,同时随着防冲板外径的增大而增强。但三级防冲板与二级防冲板防冲效果非常相近,第三级挡板对试验的结果影响甚微。因此,试验分析认为,在考虑不同流量条件下,环翼型防冲板最优防冲结构为两片防冲板,且防冲板外径为180 mm,间距取值为15 mm。     

跌坎型底流消能工的跌坎最小深度研究

跌坎型底流消能工消力池内的水力特性受到跌坎深度的影响。应用平面紊动射流理论,以消力池内允许的最大时均动水压强为控制目标,对于跌坎最小深度的确定方法进行了初步分析,建立了计算跌坎最小深度值的理论公式。通过水力学试验方法,得到消力池底板时均动水压强与跌坎最小深度之间的关系,同时与跌坎最小深度试验值进行了比对,对本文建立的理论公式进行了验证。     

热镀锌钢板表面锌波纹影响因素的数值分析

针对热镀锌钢板表面出现的锌波纹问题,通过带钢表面锌液流动的一维简化模型预测锌层稳态厚度;采用摄动法并结合三维气刀射流湍流流场的大涡模拟,提出热镀锌钢板表面锌波纹的数值预测模型;研究工艺参数对锌波纹的影响规律.结果表明：气刀距带钢的距离越远,刀唇间隙越大,气刀入口压强越小,带钢表面锌波纹越明显;气刀入口湍流强度对锌波纹影响可以忽略.     

Ski jump trajectory with consideration of air resistance

In the case of the ski-jump type energy dissipation,the jet trajectory will be greatly affected by the air entrainment and the air resistance.It is necessary to consider those factors when estimating the trajectory of the jet flow.In this work,the effect of the air resistance on the jet trajectory is theoretically and experimentally investigated.A comprehensive resistance coefficient is proposed.To determine this coefficient,experiments of five models are conducted with the circular-shaped flip bucket placed at the point of the takeoff of ski jumps.It is shown that,this coefficient of the lower jet trajectory is only related to the approach flow Froude number,while that of the upper jet trajectory is dominated by both this Froude number and the deflection angle.Furthermore,the present methodology is validated by experimental data in this work and the maximum errors are not larger than 3.2%and 8.6%for the lower and upper jet trajectories,respectively.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF HYDRODYNAMICS OF MULTIPLE TANDEM JETS IN CROSS FLOW

The hydrodynamics of a single jet and four tandem jets in a cross flow are simulated by using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software Fluent. The realizable model is used to close the Reynolds-Averaged equations. The flow characteristics of the jets, including the jet trajectory, the velocity field and the turbulent kinetic energy are obtained with various jet-to-cross flow velocity ratios in the range of 2.38-17.88. It is shown that a single jet penetrates slightly deeper than the first jet in a jet group at the same , although the difference decreases with the decrease of . It is also found that the way in which the velo-city decays along the centerline of the jet is similar for both a single jet and the first jet in a group, and the speed of the decay increases with the decrease of . The downstream jets in a group are found to behave differently due to the sheltering effect of the first jet in the group. Compared with the first jet, the downstream jets penetrate deeper into the cross flow, and the velocity decays more slowly. The circulation zone between the two upstream jets in the front is stronger than those formed between the downstream jets. The Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) sees a distinct double-peak across the cross-sections close to each nozzle, with low values in the jet core and high values in the shear layers. The double-peak gradually vanishes, as the shear layers of the jet merge further away from the nozzle, where the TKE assumes peaks at the jet centerline.