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71.
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73.
The oxidation behavior of a single-crystal (SC) Ni-base superalloy was studied over the temperature range from 1000–1150°C and analysed by TGA, XRD, EDAX, and SEM. The results indicated that the SC Ni-base superalloy exhibited parabolic oxidation kinetics, which were controlled by the growth of the inner -Al2O3 layer. A mixed scale formed on the SC Ni-base superalloy after prolonged oxidation. The scale consisted of an outer layer of spinel, a sublayer of mainly -Al2O3 with small amount of spinel adjoined by a very thin and even discontinuous layer of CrTaO4-rich oxide, and an inner -Al2O3 layer. The inner -Al2O3 layer provided good protection. No internal oxides or nitrides were observed below the inner -Al2O3 layer after 1000 hr at 1000°C, and after 200 hr at 1100 and 1150°C. 相似文献
74.
The internal-nitriding behavior in ammonia-hydrogen atmospheres of type-310 stainless steel and 310 to which either 2 wt.% Ti or 3 wt.% Al were added was studied over the range of 550–950°C. An Fe-24Cr binary alloy was included to assess the role of a BCC crystal structure vs the FCC crystal structure of 310 stainless steel. The BCC alloy exhibited the most rapid kinetics as expected. X-ray diffraction showed only the presence of CrN in all the alloys up to 735°C. At 850°C and above, both CrN and Cr2N were detected. The nonformation of TiN and AlN at lower temperatures is attributed to nucleation problems. Precipitates were extremely fine (unresolvable even at 20,000×) at 563°C and became much coarser with increasing temperature. The precipitate density, size, and shape varied across the internal-nitriding zone at the higher temperatures. External scaling was noted at 850°C and above, however, it was not a continuous film. The activation energy of internal nitriding from 563–735°C ranged from 3.8 kcal/mol for 310+2Ti to 18.2 kcal/mol for 310+3Al; from 850–950°C, the activation energy ranged from 44 (310+2Ti) to 56.6 kcal/mol (310+3Al). Microhardness profiles show that an intermediate zone exists between the nitride case and the base metal. The origin of this zone is discussed. 相似文献
75.
ZHANGJianjun WANGRuifen WANGShuping LIUHongmei LIJibiao BAIJihai 《稀有金属(英文版)》2004,23(2):126-130
The thermal behavior of Tb2(BA)6(PHEN)2 (BA: benzoate, and PHEN: 1,10-phenanthroline) in a static air atmospbere was investigated by TG-DTG, SEM and IR techniques. By the kinetic method of processing thermal analysis data put forward by Malek et al., it is defined that the kinetic model for the first-step thermal decomposition is SB(m, n). The activation energy E for this step reaction is 99.07 kJ/mol, the entropy of activation ΔS^≠ is -84.72 J/mol, the enthalpy of activation ΔH^≠ is 94.26 kJ/mol, the free energy of activation ΔG^≠ is 144.77 kJ/mol and the pre-exponential factor lnA is 20.93.The lifetime equation at mass-loss of 10% was deduced as lnτ = -29.0312 19760.83/T by isothermal thermogravimetric analysis. 相似文献
76.
A.I. Katsamas 《Surface & coatings technology》2007,201(14):6414-6422
Surface hardening of steels involves rapid austenitization and subsequent quenching of the surface. The resulting extent of hardening largely depends on the rate of austenitization of the surface under the applied high heating rates. In the present work the kinetics of austenite formation in Fe-C alloys during rapid, non-isothermal heating conditions, characterized by high heating rates and short austenitization periods, were studied by means of computational simulation. Austenitization of lamellar pearlite/proeutectoid ferrite microstructures was simulated by assuming two kinetically distinct stages: i) dissolution of lamellar pearlite followed by ii) dissolution of proeutectoid ferrite. The two stages were simulated by two corresponding 1-D diffusion models employed in series. Numerical solution of the resultant moving-boundary diffusion problems provide calculated results regarding the dependency of vol. fraction austenite on thermal cycle parameters and on initial microstructural features of the steel. Analysis of calculated results showed that the vol. fraction of pearlite transforming to austenite during pearlite dissolution depended on maximum temperature, dwell time and pearlite interlamellar spacing. A functional relationship between these variables, consisting of a thermodynamic and a kinetic term, was established. On the other hand, the total vol. fraction of austenite forming in the steel, after both stages of austenitization, was found to follow a typical sigmoidal kinetic behaviour. 相似文献
77.
复合材料压力容器的树脂体系的固化动力学研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
本文采用非等温DSC方法对碳纤维增强复合材料压力容器的树脂体系进行固化动力学研究。应用Malek方法处理实验数据,得到此树脂体系机理函数服从一个二参数(m,n)的自催化模型,其中活化能通过Ozawa法得到。通过温度场模拟结果与试验值比较,验证本文建立的动力学模型的可靠性。因此,可为复合材料压力容器固化成型过程中瞬态温度场的模拟提供必要子模型。 相似文献
78.
在反应温度为45~75℃,NY 健化剂浓度为0.093mol/L,水比为6~10的反应条件下,对均相催化水合法合成乙二醇动力学进行了研究。测定了反应速率常数及反应过程中溶液 pH 值的变化。依据实验结果,提出了反应机理,建立了反应动力学方程,并利用 Levenberg-Marquardt 方法回归了动力学参数。研究结果表明:在 NY 催化剂存在下,均相催化水合法合成乙二醇反应对环氧乙烷浓度是一级反应,其表观活化能为71113.8 J/mol 和指前因子3.05×10~9 min~(-1)。相对直接水合法而言,NY 催化剂降低了反应的活化能,大大提高了反应速度。 相似文献
79.
Luis A. Pérez-Maqueda José Manuel Criado Concepción Real 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2002,85(4):763-768
A new method for the kinetic analysis of the initial stage of sintering for constant-heating-rate data has been proposed. Unlike all of the methods previously reported in the literature, this new method proposed here allows the simultaneous determination of the activation energy and the kinetic model from a single dilatometric curve recorded under a linear-heating-rate program. The proposed method has been tested with simulated sintering curves and experimental results have been obtained for the sintering of a rutile sample. 相似文献
80.
Determination of Binder Decomposition Kinetics for Specifying Heating Parameters in Binder Burnout Cycles 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The decomposition kinetics of poly(vinyl butyral) binder from barium titanate multilayer ceramic capacitors with platinum metal electrodes were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis as a function of the heating rate. The activation energy and pre-exponential factor for the decomposition kinetics were determined from two types of integral equations, from the Redhead method, and from the variation in heating rate method. The accuracy of the kinetic parameters determined from these methods was then evaluated for describing the observed rate of binder decomposition. Although the individual models yielded very different kinetic parameters, all were capable of describing the experimental data within ±15% accuracy. The kinetic parameters were then used in a coupled transport and kinetic model for describing the buildup of pressure within the ceramic green body as a function of the heating cycle. A methodology based on calculus of variations was also developed to predict the minimum duration for the binder burnout cycle. 相似文献