多种监测方法在城口县庙坝镇堰塞湖抢险救灾工作中的综合运用

城口县庙坝镇堰塞湖抢险救灾工作中,综合采用了宏观巡查、裂缝观测、全站仪监测、GPS监测等多种监测手段,对滑坡堆积体进行全天候监测,为抢险救灾总体决策及24h不间断抢险施工提供了有力保障,成功进行了3次预警,避免了重大险情的发生。该文在分析各种监测方法特点的基础上,提出在地质灾害应急监测中多种监测方法综合运用的思路。     

Lake management organizations in China

The paper analyses the range of lake management organizations (LMOs) established in China and proposes management recommendations for different lake types and contexts. Based on functions, regional coverage and sectoral focus, nine LMO patterns are identified, ranging from existing agency approaches in which there is no specific lake focus or institutional responsibility to comprehensive and powerful lake basin authorities. LMO development in China faces many challenges, including a preoccupation with organizational form rather than function and objectives, duplication with existing agency functions, and insufficient lake basin management and trans-jurisdictional coordination. We therefore propose that LMOs should be tailored to specific situations and problems, drawing distinctions between plateau, urban, plain, inland and wetland lakes as well as other contexts.     

运城盐湖矿物黑泥在化妆品洁面乳中的应用

简要介绍了运城盐湖矿物黑泥的形成历史及其富含成分,重点考察了其在洁面乳化妆品中的应用。结果表明,含有2.0%～4.0%黑泥的洁面乳配方性质稳定、性能温和,其各项指标均符合国家相关标准规定。含有黑泥的洁面乳经人群试用后的综合评价结果良好,黑泥在洁面乳体系中具有显著的去除多余油脂和去角质功能。     

Anaerobic methane oxidation and aerobic methane production in an east African great lake (Lake Kivu)

We investigated CH₄ oxidation in the water column of Lake Kivu, a deep meromictic tropical lake with CH₄-rich anoxic deep waters. Depth profiles of dissolved gases (CH₄ and N₂O) and a diversity of potential electron acceptors for anaerobic CH₄ oxidation (NO₃^?, SO₄^2?, Fe and Mn oxides) were determined during six field campaigns between June 2011 and August 2014. Denitrification measurements based on stable isotope labelling experiments were performed twice. In addition, we quantified aerobic and anaerobic CH₄ oxidation, NO₃^? and SO₄^2? consumption rates, with and without the presence of an inhibitor of SO₄^2?-reducing bacteria activity. Aerobic CH₄ production was also measured in parallel incubations with the addition of an inhibitor of aerobic CH₄ oxidation. The maximum aerobic and anaerobic CH₄ oxidation rates were estimated to be 27?±?2 and 16?±?8?μmol/L/d, respectively. We observed a difference in the relative importance of aerobic and anaerobic CH₄ oxidation during the rainy and the dry season, with a greater role for aerobic oxidation during the dry season. Lower anaerobic CH₄ oxidation rates were measured in presence of molybdate in half of the measurements, suggesting the occurrence of linkage between SO₄^2? reduction and anaerobic CH₄ oxidation. NO₃^? consumption and dissolved Mn production rates were never high enough to sustain the measured anaerobic CH₄ oxidation, reinforcing the idea of a coupling between SO₄^2? reduction and CH₄ oxidation in the anoxic waters of Lake Kivu. Finally, significant rates (up to 0.37?μmol/L/d) of pelagic CH₄ production were also measured in oxygenated waters.     

DT-X回声探测仪在太湖沉水植物调查中的应用

沉水植物是湖泊生态系统的重要组成部分,掌握沉水植物分布及变化对于湖泊水环境综合治理及生态修复具有重要意义。在分析现有沉水植物调查方法的不足和介绍DT-X多功能回声探测仪的相关功能及国外应用情况的基础上,分析了在太湖应用该仪器开展沉水植物调查可能需要克服的技术难题,并选择断面对该仪器开展了试验性应用。结果表明,仪器调查结果与人工样方调查结果基本一致,应用DT-X回声探测仪在太湖开展沉水植物调查具有一定的前景。     

关于太湖污染底泥生态疏浚工程的探讨

目前太湖面临着严峻的富营养化问题，太湖污染底泥生态疏浚工程已经开始启动，但是关于太湖清淤的问题，专家们仍存在不同的见解。针对目前存在的几种观点，认为首先要对太湖疏浚进行前期研究，然后开展太湖示范工程，对污染底泥的空间分布规律、水质影响程度和机制、疏浚和处置技术、环境和生态效应等关系的科学问题进行系统深入的研究，从而为污染底泥的疏浚和处置技术提供理论和实践依据。     

东濮凹陷地质三分性与沙三期沉积古地理

东濮凹陷构造与沉积明显分为2个阶段：沙三段沉积时期和沙二段-东营组沉积时期。沙三段时期,东濮地区发育濮阳湖和东明湖。濮阳湖受兰聊、五星集-六塔断层活动控制,形成深水湖相-浅水盐湖相的暗色泥岩与盐岩、砂岩韵律,是现今油气最丰富的领域,盆内二级断层——杜寨断层、石家集-马寨断层、濮西断层的相继发育控制沉积中心的分布;东明湖是受兰聊断层活动控制的箕状凹陷,因补偿速度快,仅形成浅一半深水的砂泥岩韵律,生油岩发育质量差,现今的西洼南部地区是上述两湖泊的边缘,基本无生油岩发育。沙二段-东营组时期,长垣、黄河、文东、文西等断层强烈活动,形成两洼-隆一斜坡的构造格局,彻底改变了沙三期的沉积古地理,形成多个洼陷和多个沉积中心。     

陆相碳酸盐质细粒沉积岩及油气甜点多源成因

基于以往研究认识,通过分析细粒碳酸盐物质来源和岩石形成作用,系统论述碳酸盐质细粒沉积岩的多源成因机制,并对碳酸盐质细粒沉积岩的油气富集类型进行总结.研究表明,以陆地物质输入、盆内自生物质生成、火山热液物质注入和混合物质来源为主的多物源供给是陆相断陷盆地富集细粒碳酸盐物质的主要原因.其中物源区富碳酸盐岩基岩的发育控制了盆...     

马鞍山市城区湖泊底泥中凯氏氮的分布

在湖泊的富营养化污染过程中,氮起到重要作用,湖泊底泥是氮的载体.对马鞍山雨山湖底泥中凯氏氮分布特征的研究表明:在垂直分布上,凯氏氮含量随底泥深度增加而逐渐下降,具有明显的层次性,并出现"陡降型"和"缓降型"2种类型.在水平分布上,不同样点凯氏氮含量也不同.表层泥中TKN含量高低受水体运动及水生植物的影响;中下层主要受沉积底泥厚度的影响.底泥中颗粒大小与TKN含量有明显的相关性,大颗粒含量越大,TKN含量越高.底泥间隙水中TKN含量大于水体中TKN含量.底泥疏浚必须确定合理的深度.     

流域山水林田湖草生态保护修复实践探索——以田东县合乐沟生态保护与修复工程为例

习近平总书记在2013年中共十八届三中全会上明确指出,应正确认识山水林田湖是一个生命共同体,2015年国务院、中共中央联合相继出台相关文件,强调应整合财政资金,全面落实山林田湖生态修复工程。全面推进山水林田湖草生态保护修复,有助于保证生物多样性,为我国实现“一带一路”战略目标奠定良好基础。生态保护修复工程,作为维护及提升生态系统功能和环境质量的重要途径,需进行持续性推进生态保护各项措施。本文基于田东县合乐沟生态保护与修复工程,分析实际水域污染存在问题,严格遵循因地制宜原则,提出相应生态保护与修复方案,为流域生态保护与修复提供了借鉴。