气相法二氧化硅应用机理及特性

主要介绍了气相法二氧化硅在液态体系、干燥体系、固态体系中的作用机理；气相法二氧化硅在应用中的特殊性能；以及比表面积、pH、含水量、添加量、表面处理程度等气相法二氧化硅各项物理性能对应用性能的影响。     

Silicon Nitride Derived from an Organometallic Polymeric Precursor: Preparation and Characterization

Partially crystalline Si₃N₄, with nanosized crystals and a specific surface area greater than 200 m²/g, is obtained by pyrolysis of a commercially available vinylic polysilane in a stream of anhydrous NH₃ to 1000°C. This polymer does not contain N initially. Crystallization to high-purity α-Si₃N₄ proceeds with additional heating above 1400°C under N₂. The changes in crystallinity, powder morphology, infrared spectra, and elemental compositions, for samples annealed from 1000° to 1600°C under N₂, are consistent with an amorphous-to-crystalline transformation. Although macroscopic consolidation and local densification occur at 1400°C, volatilization and accompanying weight loss limit bulk densification. The effect of temperature on specific surface area is examined and related to the sintering process. These results are applicable to pyrolysis, decomposition, and crystallization studies of ceramics synthesized by polymeric precursor routes.     

An improved light attenuation technique for measuring large interfacial areas

A laser-based light attenuation technique was successfully used to measure interfacial areas as high as 5832 m²/m³ and Sauter mean bubble diameter varying between 50 and 5600 μm. Good agreement between this approach and the photographic technique was obtained particularly at low gas holdups.     

Surface Areas of Nitrated Hydrotalcites

Hydrotalcites in the nitrate form were prepared using microwave irradiation in the hydrotreatment step. The surface area (BET) of nitrated hydrotalcites was evaluated. Solids were characterized by atomic absorption, X-ray diffraction and BET analysis. Thermal pretreatment temperature determined the surface area of the hydrotalcites.     

Influence of Carbon on SOx Emissions from Glass Processing

Carbon reacts with Na₂SO₄ in glass batches, influencing SO _x emissions. To study the role of carbon active surface area (ASA) in the decomposition phenomena, Na₂SO₄ is reacted with three carbons with a wide ASA range. The decomposition behavior was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and evolved gas analysis via mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Higher carbon ASA yields lower decomposition temperatures. SO _x emissions are realized at temperatures as low as 773 K. Isothermal Na₂SO₄–C decomposition initiates via the nucleation of Na₂S. The rate constants for the nucleation regime are normalized against ASA, yielding an activation energy of 275 kJ/mol for nucleation.     

大面积水域浓度场测试方法及系统研究

针对大面积水域浓度场难以实现实时测量、测量精度不高等问题,采用了一种多通道荧光测试系统和方法。首先,基于单色光诱导荧光检测浓度(LIF)原理,使用探头获取离散点的浓度参数。然后,经总线或通信网络技术,将数百个测点连接起来。最后,通过数据总线或网络将采集的数据输送到中央测控计算机中,处理离散的数据后形成完整的浓度场。在恒定流浓度场中的试验结果表明,污染物测量相对误差均值不超过5%,单次测量相对误差最高值为8.33%,传感器线性度不超过5%,可检测的荧光素钠溶液浓度分辨率为0.001 ppm,系统测量稳定、精度较高。相较于其他浓度测量方法,该系统具有测量面积大、实时测量的优势,可为水污染防治等领域提供可靠的技术支撑。     

森林植被改善对鄱阳湖流域径流和输沙过程的影响

以河流基流为切入点,研究流域植被调节径流、水土保持等微观作用影响大中型河流湖泊径流过程和水沙过程宏观效应的机理。鄱阳湖流域60年来天然降水没有发生趋势性变化。流域森林覆盖率由34.73%上升到63.00%,植被质量改善,赣江等入湖河流基流增加83 m~3/s,河流输沙量减少。2000年以后和2000年以前相比较,枯水期降水径流系数增大,年流量过程平坦化,一定程度上减小洪灾风险,有利于水资源利用和生态环境保护。2001年以后进入鄱阳湖泥沙平均每年减少1 007×10~4t;出湖泥沙增加314×10~4t。因此,鄱阳湖入江水道由淤积转变为冲刷,但出湖流量过程没有趋势性变化。     

Experimental Investigation of Epoxy Bonded Polymethylmethacrylate Joints

This paper presents an experimental investigation into various aspects of epoxy-bonded polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and PMMA-to-aluminium joints. The effects of adhesive thickness, overlap area, surface roughness, and environmental exposure on the joint strength were studied. Results indicated that the joint strength was not directly proportional to the overlap area, while sanding had a positive effect on the joint strength. A negative effect was observed when adhesive thickness was increased. The fatigue behaviour of adhesively-bonded joints under dynamic loading was found to be independent of frequency, for the range of values tested; however, it was dependent on the test temperature with greater reduction in fatigue life observed in PMMA-to-aluminium joints at higher temperature. Empirical equations from which the fatigue life of joints can be predicted were obtained by regression analysis. Intermittent fatigue testing of the joints was also performed. The epoxy adhesive tested proved to be a satisfactory choice for outdoor exposure. The rate of degradation of the adhesive was slow with the adherend itself degrading at a faster rate than the adhesive or the bondline.     

Carbon Aerogels as Electrode Material in Supercapacitors

Due to their large specific surface area and their high electrical conductivity carbon aerogels are promising materials for electrodes in electrochemical double-layer capacitors (supercapacitor). The carbon aerogels were made via pyrolysis of resorcinol formaldehyde aerogels. The latter were prepared by supercritical and subcritical drying as well. The important findings of our investigation were, that the highest capacities of 46 F/cm³ were measured for samples with a density of about 800 kg/m³ pyrolyzed at 800°C. Also it was shown that RF-gels with molar resorcinol/catalyst ratios 1000 or higher can be dried subcritically without cracking or significant shrinkage. Carbon aerogels derived from these RF-aerogels have a small mesopore surface area, however an especially large micropore area. They provide electrical capacities which are most suitable for their use in supercapacitors.     

掺铈镧氧化锆触媒材料的研制

以锆、铈、镧的无机盐为原料 ,采用共沉淀法制备了含CeO2 -La2 O3的ZrO2 复合氧化物触媒材料。通过改变铈化合物和镧化合物的添加量及焙烧温度来考察其对比表面积和主晶相的影响。利用XRD、BET、DTA等分析手段对合成的复合氧化物的部分性质和主要晶相进行检测分析 ,结果表明加入氨水作沉淀剂及铈化合物和镧化合物添加量一定时可得到以四方相为主的ZrO2 晶相 ,比表面积较大 ;通过碳—氢转化率的测定 ,碳氢转化率在 60 0℃可达到 80 % ,表明具有一定的触媒性能