Thermo-physical properties of as deposited and aged thermal barrier coatings (TBC) for gas turbines: State-of-the art and advanced TBCs

In the perspective of fuelling the future generations of gas turbines by hydrogen rich syngas, the evaluation of the effect of a higher water vapour content into the flue gases on the TBC used, or potentially usable, is a need. For this purpose YPSZ APS TBC with two different microstructures have been exposed for 500?h at different temperatures in the range 1000?°C–1250?°C either in air and air +20% vol. H₂O. The comparison between the different testing conditions has been performed in terms of sintering kinetics and phase stability, as evaluated by thermal diffusivity measurements and Synchrotron X-Rays diffraction, respectively. Furthermore the characterisation of thermal properties of two innovative TBCs (GZO-YPSZ and YAG) potentially able to withstand the CMAS attack and erosive environments, respectively, has been carried out.No clear evidence of a different behaviour of TBC has been observed, at least in the considered aging time and temperature range.     

柴油蜡晶的理论形态预测与显微实际形态的比较

采用BFDH模型和AE模型预测柴油中蜡晶的理论形态，与通过相衬光学显微镜在冷环境平台上观察柴油蜡晶在低温下析出的实际形态。以及加入低温流动性改进剂T1804的柴油蜡晶形态进行比较研究。以十八烷晶体和二十三烷晶体作为柴油蜡晶中偶数正构烷烃和奇数正构烷烃的模型化合物，得到它们的晶体理论形态为六面体薄片状晶体。不同降温速率下得到的蜡晶的实际形态与大小均不同。快速降温条件下得到的晶体形态主要为六边形、菱形和其它少数不规则多边形薄片状集合体；慢速降温条件下得到的柴油蜡晶的形态比较完整，为六边形片状，与通过BFDH和AE模型得到的十八烷即偶数正构烷烃的形态比较接近。柴油加T1804后，快速降温时，出现更多细小的无规则晶体，且很快聚集成片状晶体；慢速降温时，出现晶体的数目要多于未加剂柴油，形状不规则，且尺寸小于未加剂柴油。     

基于形态学top-hat算子的多传感器图像融合

本文根据形态学top-hat算子能够提取图像中极大值与极小值区域的特点,将其应用于多传感器图像融合的两个重要领域——多聚焦图像融合和高分辨、多光谱图像融合.实验中将本文方法与Laplacian塔型变换、子波变换、主分量分析等方法进行了比较,结果表明本文所提的基于top-hat算子的融合方法具有优越的性能,拓广了top-hat算子的应用范围.     

Formation and growth mechanism of TiC crystal in TiC_p/Ti composites

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＰａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｒｅｉｎｆｏｒｃｅｄｔｉｔａｎｉｕｍａｌｌｏｙｍａｔｒｉｘｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｅｓ(ＴＭＣｐ)ｈａｖｅｗｉｄｅａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｆｉｅｌｄｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｉｒａｔｔｒａｃｔｉｖｅｈｉｇｈｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃｓｔｒｅｎｇ     

Original Finger Image Extraction by Morphological Technique and Finger Image Comparisons for Persons' Identification

This research uses the object extracting technique to extract the index, middle and ring fingers from the hand images. The algorithm developed in this research can find the precise locations of the different fingers' fingertips and the finger-to-finger-valleys. After finding the positions of the fingertips and finger-valleys, the index, middle and ring fingers can be extracted from the hand images by using morphological technique. The extracted index, middle and ring fingers contain many useful geometry features. One can use these features to do the person's identification. The orientations of the index, middle and ring fingers are found in this research. Image rotating, image shifting, and image interpolating techniques are used to align different persons' index, middle and ring fingers. Image subtraction is used to exam the difference of two index, middle and ring finger images. In this research so far only use the index, middle and the ring fingers as the features to identify different persons. ^★This work was supported by National Science Council under grant NSC 93-2213-E-212-011.     

聚合物-金属界面相形貌的研究

环氧树脂在 Al 合金表面生成纤维状的界面相结构,其形成、发展和特征与树脂的体系、交联反应条件以及 Al 合金的表面状态有关。环氧树脂的基础相为颗粒状的超结构组织。聚合物界面相的力学破坏表现为纤维体的拉伸、变形和断裂,而基础相在纯剪切受力时出现在45°方向的裂纹,并发展导致连接层的破坏。     

火焰图像特征在火灾数字图像识别中的运用

火焰尖角数目和圆形度是早期火灾火焰的主要特征,本文主要论述了如何在数学形态学基础上,利用火灾火焰的两个特点判断和识别早期火情。实验中,对火焰的二值图像进行开运算,即先腐蚀,再膨胀,目的是为了对火焰图像进行形态学滤波,去噪。从实验结果可以看出,该算法可以很好的识别火焰和干扰源。     

Use of recycled copper slag for blended cements

Copper slag is a by‐product generated during smelting to extract copper metal from the ore. The copper slag obtained may exhibit pozzolanic activity and may therefore be used in the manufacture of addition‐containing cements. In this paper the effect of the incorporation of the copper slag in cement is measured. Blends of copper slag with Portland cement generally possess properties equivalent to Portland cement containing fly ash, but very different to the silica fume incorporation. Copper slag and fly ash reduce the heat of hydration more effectively than silica fume in mortars. The replacement of 30% cement by copper slag reduces the flexural and compressive strength in a similar way to fly ash; however, after 28 days, the reduction is less than the percentage of substitution. Hydrated calcium aluminate phases were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The pozzolanic activity of copper slag is similar to that of fly ash and higher than silica fume. In the presence of low water/cement ratios, certain pozzolanic materials produce a very compact cement paste that limits the space available for hydration products, a determining factor in the formation of hydrated calcium aluminates. SEM was found to be a useful analytical technique when aluminates are formed and can be clearly detected by XRD. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Dynamics of photosynthetic pigments in an Andean lake in Colombia

Guatavita Lake is a small, sheltered tropical high mountain lake located in the Colombian Andes, with a closed watershed and a maximum depth of 25 m. It is the freshwater source for human consumption in nearby small towns, as well as being a site of cultural value for the country, as it was a sacred place to indigenous peoples until about five centuries ago. As the structure and function of this aquatic ecosystem is poorly understood, this study provides initial knowledge on its phytoplankton biomass dynamics, which should be useful in designing efficient management plans with environmental baseline information for similar lakes elsewhere. Physical and chemical data, and photosynthetic pigment concentrations, were measured for the period November 1999–November 2000 at the central vertical axis of Guatavita Lake. The vertical profile of the chlorophyll‐a concentration was closely related to the dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations and the thermal stratification characteristics. The maximum chlorophyll‐a concentration in the metalimnion was recorded for the thermal stratification period (November 1999–June 2000). Deepening of the maximum chlorophyll‐a concentration began in February, continuing to June, when it reached its lowest value at the 15 m depth. The phytoplankton biomass values showed an increment within the entire water column at the beginning of the mixing period (July). The relation between the metalimnetic peak of chlorophyll‐a and the dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentration suggests the growth of the phytoplankton community is limited mainly by the availability of nitrogen.