激光直接快速成形金属零件过程中多道搭接的理论及实验研究

对激光直接快速成形金属零件过程中多道搭接进行了理论及实验研究,包括搭接率的确定,多道搭接的工艺研究以及搭接烧结层的组织形貌分析等.     

小波变换和数学形态学在红外图像检测中的应用

红外图像的检测、识别和跟踪技术是当前精确制导领域研究的关键技术之一。文章从处理技术的角度，将适合于红外图像的目标检测技术以分割为基础分为基于数学形态学、小波变换、神经网络和模糊数学几类，重点综述了基于数学形态学和基于小波变换的目标检测技术的研究现状和发展趋势。     

基于笔画分析和形态学的汽车牌照定位算法

分析了目前存在的车牌自动定位方法及其相应的问题,提出了一种多分辨率下结合数学形态学和字符笔画分析的车牌定位算法.通过大量的实验证明该方法准确率高,速度快,召回率较高.     

基于Matlab的车辆牌照图像预处理的研究

车牌图像预处理及定位是车牌识别系统的一部分,是实现车辆牌号最终分割识别的前提。文中以实现车牌区域的定位为目的,运用Matlab图像处理工具箱对采集到的原始车牌图像进行彩色图像灰度化、二值化、边缘检测、数学形态学及滤波等预处理操作。实验表明,采用的预处理操作能够有效地定位出车牌位置,具有很好的鲁棒性。     

Magnesium Ion Doping and Micro-Structural Engineering Assist NH4V4O10 as a High-Performance Aqueous Zinc Ion Battery Cathode

Layered ammonium vanadate materials exhibit significant mass-specific capacity and ion transport rate due to their small molecular weight and large ionic radius. However, the strong electrostatic interactions of Zn²⁺ and V–O bonds and the fragile ionic bonding of N-H^…O bonds hinder their development. Therefore, this work reports Mg²⁺ doping NH₄V₄O₁₀ materials accompanied by flower-like morphology to lower the migration energy barrier and inhibit amine dissolution. Owing to the 3D-flower-like morphology and the combined impact of Mg²⁺ and structural water, the binding of Zn^2+…V-O is significantly enhanced and additional ion channels were constructed. Pre-intercalated Mg²⁺ enhances the structural integrity and prevents irreversible deammoniation from obtaining excellent cyclic stability. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that MNVO provides a smoother Zn²⁺ diffusion path with a lower migration barrier. Benefited from these advantages, the MNVO cathode exhibits a high specific capacity of 410 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹, satisfactory cyclic stability (90.2 % capacity retention at 10 A g⁻¹ after 5000 cycles), and capable rate ability (118 mAh g⁻¹ at 25 A g⁻¹) within 0.4-1.5 V. Furthermore, the zinc ion storage mechanism in the MNVO cathode is investigated through multiple analyses.     

初始段安控图像目标识别方法研究

该研究为实现发射场初始段安控电视系统数字化图像采集、处理和存储展开讨论。采用形态学边缘检测算法、霍夫变换直线检测算法和光流法运动检测算法,利用火箭发射初始段安控电视录像进行测试实验,实现了对发射场初始段火箭箭体的识别。该研究使用数字化图像处理方法对现有的安控电视系统进行有效改进,为安控图像实时判读提供了可靠的依据,并为下一步研究提供了有意义的参考。通过对上述几种之间的特点和处理所需的时间的比较分析,形态学边缘检测算法的效果优于其他两种方法。     

Automated coronal hole segmentation from Solar EUV Images using the watershed transform

Region of interest segmentation in solar images is the subject of frequent research in solar physics. This study outlines watershed by immersion segmentation to identify coronal hole areas in solar images acquired using the Extreme UV Imaging Telescope (EIT). Solutions presented here produce highly accurate segmentation results of coronal holes of irregular shape, and what is more, they do so for images representing varied solar activity, recorded in different years and months. In addition, the solutions presented here make all the methods used operate very quickly. These methods include: the preprocessing step before the watershed segmentation, the watershed segmentation itself, and also the postprocessing of solar images after the watershed segmentation. The mean duration of the entire segmentation process of solar images amounts to 342 ms for a single coronal hole, without the parallel implementation of the methods used. The experiments were carried out on a computer with an Intel Core i7 CPU @ 2 GHz and 4 GB RAM. After the seed point is identified inside the coronal hole, the segmentation runs automatically.     

Lateral Inhomogeneity in the Electronic Structure of a Conjugated Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) Thin Film

How annealing influences the morphology of a highly regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (RR‐P3HT) film at the substrate interface as well as the lateral inhomogeneity in the electronic structure of the film are elucidated. Whereas previous studies have reported that high‐molecular‐weight (MW) RR‐P3HT films tend to show low crystallinity even after annealing, it is found that high‐MW RR‐P3HT does show high crystallinity after annealing at high temperature for a long time. Photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM), X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy, and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy results clearly resolve a considerable lateral inhomogeneity in the morphology of RR‐P3HT film, which results in a variation of the electronic structure depending on the local crystallinity. The PEEM results show how annealing facilitates crystal growth in a high‐MW RR‐P3HT film.     

生长助剂对微纳米级二氧化钛颗粒形貌和光吸收性能的影响

以钛酸丁酯为钛源,氟化氢(HF)为形貌控制剂,溶剂(乙酸乙酯、乙酸和异丙醇)为生长助剂,通过溶剂热法合成了不同形貌的二氧化钛(TiO2).利用X射线衍射谱(XRD)分析样品的物相,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征TiO2颗粒的形貌,氮气吸附-脱附实验测量样品的比表面积,紫外可见吸收光谱测试样品的光吸收能力.结果表明:乙酸乙酯、乙酸和异丙醇作为生长助剂时,相应地得到球形、片状和比表面积高达155.58m2 ·g-1的花状结构.乙酸乙酯对样品形貌的影响大于HF.乙酸和异丙醇对HF具有协同作用,不同形貌的TiO2颗粒的紫外光吸收的强弱顺序为醇-TiO2,酸-TiO2,酯-TiO2.     

Dramatically enhanced performances and ideally controlled nano-morphology via co-solvent processing in low bandgap polymer solar cells

The device performance of photovoltaics with a polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure, consisting of DT-PDPP2T-TT donor polymer and poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]phenyl-C₆₁-butyric acid methyl ester (PC₆₁BM) acceptor compound, was investigated as a function of co-solvent composition. An enhancement of the photocurrent density and fill factor is observed in diodes made by spin-coating with chloroform mixed with ortho-dichlorobenzene, which allows a significantly higher device efficiency of 5.55% compared to diodes made from neat chloroform (efficiency = 3.61%). To clarify the role of the co-solvent, we investigated the nanoscale morphology with AFM, TEM and 2D-GIWAXS techniques and also the free-charge carrier mobility via space-charge limited current theory. We obtained the result that, under such supersaturated conditions, co-solvents induce increased polymer crystalline aggregation into a 3D phase structure and boost charge-carrier transport characteristics. This provides a rational basis for the development of ideally-controlled BHJ films that yield efficient DT-PDPP2T-TT:PCBM solar cells. Therefore, carefully selecting solvent mixtures provides an approach toward efficient low bandgap polymer solar cells.