Biogas Production from the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste

This article discusses the potential use of biogas from municipal landfills to fuel urban heat space in Turkey. Biogas can be obtained from digesting the organic material of municipal solid wastes (MSW). The composition of MSW varies by the source of waste; however, in all cases the major constituents of MSW are organic in nature and the organics account for more than 50% of MSW. The main constituents of landfill gas are methane and carbon dioxide, both of which are major contributors to global warming. The generation of methane is worthwhile after one year from the start of the landfill operation. The compositional characteristics of MSW vary considerably from the large cities to the small towns and regions in Turkey. The social and demographic factors for each region are very different.     

微生物制剂对垃圾渗滤液氨氮的降解研究

以生活垃圾卫生填埋场的垃圾渗滤液为研究对象,研究了添加复合微生物制剂以及单一菌群制剂对垃圾渗滤液氨氮的影响。结果表明,由于多种菌群协同作用而使添加复合微生物制剂的效果为最好,氨氮降解率可达81%;乳酸菌群、反硝化菌群、放线菌群对氨氮降解率分别为35.7%、60%、38%。     

高铁酸钾氧化处理危废填埋场渗滤液研究

危废填埋场渗滤液可生化性差,经生化处理后仍难以达到排放标准,本文提出利用高铁酸钾对渗滤液进行氧化处理,并对处理效果进行评价。实验结果表明,高铁酸钾氧化处理渗滤液的最佳条件为:pH=4.00、处理温度为30℃、高铁酸钾的最佳投加量为200 mg/L,在此条件下氧化处理渗滤液40 min,渗滤液COD去除率达到70%左右。     

垃圾渗滤液BOD5测定方法的研究

论述了垃圾渗滤液BOD5的测定方法和过程,以城市污水处理厂生物池出水作为接种液来源,采用SBR模式培养和驯化了接种液,制备的接种稀释水BOD5为0.50 mg/L,符合要求。垃圾渗滤液有机物浓度高,实验中采用2 000、2 500和3 000 3个稀释倍数测定BOD5,每个稀释倍数做2个平行样,结果表明,3个稀释倍数下水样消耗的DO>2 mg/L,剩余的DO>2 mg/L,都符合要求,结果 BOD5取平均值为8.58×103mg/L。     

垃圾填埋场封盖土坡系统的地震稳定性

采用极限平衡法推导了垃圾填埋场封盖土坡系统在渗流作用、地震作用下的安全系数计算公式,同时给出了屈服加速度的计算方法。不同参数下的封盖土坡系统的地震稳定性分析表明:浸润面高度显著影响封盖土坡系统的稳定性和屈服加速度。认为在填埋场设计中,必须高度重视渗流影响,以保证封盖土坡系统长期有效的设计排水能力。     

三峡库区及影响区污泥处置处理工艺分析

目前三峡库区及影响区的污水处理厂产生的大量生物污泥直接运输到垃圾填埋场进行处置,对环境危害重大,且影响垃圾填埋场的正常运行。为缓解日益增加的污泥量同有限的处置能力之间的矛盾,保护三峡库区水质和生态环境,污泥处理十分必要。文章通过对现状国内外常用的污泥处置及处理的技术分析,总结了适合三峡库区及影响区污泥处置处理的工艺方案。     

Solid Waste Problems and their Handling in the Netherlands

The Netherlands, in common with most other countries, has a problem in disposing of solid wastes in an environmentally acceptable way. The paper reviews the historical situation, looks at the present-day position, and explains the proposals for waste disposal in the Netherlands up to the year 2000 and beyond.     

Diversion of the River Calder at Welbeck: An Engineering and Environmental Challenge

The Welbeck reclamation and landfill project (near Wakefield) is reclaiming over 1.5 km² of former aggregate and colliery workings through the creation of a new landform. This is to incorporate millions of tonnes of colliery spoil and controlled (i.e. household, trade) wastes, and to avoid the need for disposal on less suitable sites elsewhere.
The scheme is already under way, but the proposed diversion of the River Calder to one side of the site would more than double its capacity for landfill. In environmental terms, the project has been seen as the creation of a new river corridor, rather than simply the diversion of a river channel.
The paper outlines the engineering of the river diversion, which is routed for about 2 km through varied and difficult ground conditions, and gives a number of examples of the priority attached to landscape and after-use factors, and their intrinsic importance in design.     

Leachate Collection, Treatment and Disposal

As landfills become larger, the enormous quantities of putrescible wastes which they contain have increased the potential to generate highly polluting leachates as they decompose anaerobically over many years. If severe environmental impacts are to be avoided, operators must control these liquors: many landfill proposals stand or fall on the ability of the operator to demonstrate that leachate can be collected, managed and disposed of in an environmentally acceptable manner. During the early years of tipping in containment cells, high BOD and COD values (to 50 000 mg/l or more) are measured, with very high ammonia concentrations (to more than 1000 mg/l as N) persisting for many years.
The authors have been involved with the full-scale on-site treatment of leachates to high standards in automated aerated lagoon plants since the early 1980s. The first plant was constructed in 1982, and a further seven have since been built at landfills throughout the UK, with many more at various stages of design and construction – both in the UK and overseas.
This paper describes detailed operational experiences from several of these landfill sites, with particular emphasis on the reduction of ammonia concentrations to low values. The use of reed-bed treatment schemes as effluent polishing facilities is also discussed.