毒理学数据可靠性评价工具在谷氨酸及其盐神经毒性危害评估中应用

目的评价谷氨酸及其盐神经毒性数据的可靠性并给出使用建议,为谷氨酸及其盐类危害评估提供科学保证;在使用过程中检验毒理学数据可靠性评价工具(toxicology data reliability assessment method,TRAM),为进一步完善工具提供参考。方法使用TRAM对通过系统综述中检索文献的方法筛选出的60篇谷氨酸及其盐神经毒性相关文献进行可靠性评价。根据文献所涉及的数据类型(动物试验数据、人类数据)进入相应的评价流程,按照评分要素及建议分值对各个评价指标逐条打分。计算每条得分与对应权重的乘积之和,除以各类数据总分得出质量分数,最后根据质量分数判定可靠性等级并给出使用建议。其中,每篇文献的评价工作均由相关领域的两名人员独立完成。结果最终12篇文献可靠性等级评价为"高",建议优先使用;43篇文献可靠性等级评价为"中",可以使用;5篇文献可靠性等级评价为"低",不建议使用。结论 TRAM的评价指标兼顾了报告质量和方法学质量,且填补了其他工具涉及人类毒理学资料可靠性评价方法的空白。TRAM对食品安全风险评估工作具有更好的适用性,为更加客观、科学地开展危害识别以及风险评估工作提供了方法和手段。     

Life-cycle reliability analysis of shield tunnels in coastal regions: emphasis on flexural performance of deteriorating segmental linings

In contrast to reinforced concrete (RC) structures on land, RC shield tunnels in coastal regions deteriorate rapidly after their construction because of the combined effects of multiple mechanical and environmental stressors. In this paper, by considering the coastal hazards associated with chloride and the impacts of hydrostatic pressure, a novel approach is presented to estimate the life-cycle structural performance of a shield tunnel that has undergone deterioration due to chloride-induced steel corrosion. Deterioration processes in segmental linings are investigated via corrosion-accelerated experiments on individual segments, and the combined effects of corrosive agents and loads are emphasized. Monte Carlo simulation is used to estimate the time-variant failure probability of shield tunnels in a marine environment. In an illustrative example, the effects of structural location, hydrostatic pressure and material properties on the life-cycle reliability of shield tunnels are investigated.     

西康线秦岭特长隧道放射性物质评价及防护

结合西康线秦岭特长隧道Ⅱ线平导开挖过程中对隧道放射性物质监测结果,针对隧道内放射性强度、分布规律进行了归纳、总结,并就其辐射危害及防护进行了初步评价和研究。     

加氢裂化装置安全性分析

分析了加氢裂化装置的火灾危险性、生产岗位危险性、有毒和有害物质危险性及国内外典型事故案例，总结了国内外加氢裂化装置安全设计进展，提出了加氢裂化装置在设计方面应采取的安全措施以及在开工、生产、停工等方面应注意的安全事项。     

A fire risk analysis model for assessing options for flammable and combustible liquid products in storage and retail occupancies

A fire risk analysis modeling framework was developed to analyze options for fire-safe handling and storing of flammable and combustible liquids in containers. The model illustrates the application of general risk analysis modeling principles to a current, highly visible problem and introduces some new modeling elements. Risk is driven by relative success in providing a complete, operational sprinkler system adequate for controlling fires that start in ordinary combustibles, well away from the liquid products.     

用土工网格加筋材解决滑坡稳定问题

从滑坡整治措施、加筋材的选择及性能、加筋材的铺设设计等方面，介绍了用土工网格加筋材解决滑坡的稳定问题，结合实例证明应用土工网格加筋材后，边坡稳定性良好。     

Seismic hazard reassessment of an existing NPP in Slovenia

A seismic hazard reassessment of the site of an existing nuclear power plant in Slovenia was performed. For probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, the extended basic approach laid out by Cornell in 1968 was applied (Cornell, 1968). The study was based on existing data only. To overcome the lack of data and to handle uncertainties in the data, a multiple model approach was applied. Tectonic interpretations, seismic source determinations and estimates of the uncertainty were made by three independent groups of earth-scientists. The delineation of seismic sources and the estimation of their parameters were defined by the distribution of earthquakes, by fault rupture sizes, and by fault slip rates. The Gutenberg–Richter doubly truncated exponential recurrence relationship was used for magnitude distribution. Lower-bound magnitude was set at 5.0 for all seismic sources. Maximum observed earthquakes and assumed fault rupture sizes were used as the main criteria for the estimation of upper-bound magnitudes of area and fault sources respectively. The activity rates were either based on the catalogue or estimated from the assessed average fault slip rates. Subjective weights were assigned to model alternatives and to source parameter alternatives. The results of the study are presented as seismic hazard curves and spectra.     

Numerical differences in the survival probabilities obtained by the cumulative-hazard and kaplan–meier estimators of the reliability function

The paper examines two very important non-parametric estimators of the reliability function which are frequently used in reliability practice to estimate survival probabilities. The paper proves that when both of them are calculated for the same data set, the survival probabilities obtained using the cumulative hazard approach are larger in magnitude than the ones given by the method proposed by Kaplan and Meier, and provides the mathematical formula quantifying the magnitude of this difference.