Adaptive augmented Lagrangian methods: algorithms and practical numerical experience

In this paper, we consider augmented Lagrangian (AL) algorithms for solving large-scale nonlinear optimization problems that execute adaptive strategies for updating the penalty parameter. Our work is motivated by the recently proposed adaptive AL trust region method by Curtis et al. [An adaptive augmented Lagrangian method for large-scale constrained optimization, Math. Program. 152 (2015), pp. 201–245.]. The first focal point of this paper is a new variant of the approach that employs a line search rather than a trust region strategy, where a critical algorithmic feature for the line search strategy is the use of convexified piecewise quadratic models of the AL function for computing the search directions. We prove global convergence guarantees for our line search algorithm that are on par with those for the previously proposed trust region method. A second focal point of this paper is the practical performance of the line search and trust region algorithm variants in Matlab software, as well as that of an adaptive penalty parameter updating strategy incorporated into the Lancelot software. We test these methods on problems from the CUTEst and COPS collections, as well as on challenging test problems related to optimal power flow. Our numerical experience suggests that the adaptive algorithms outperform traditional AL methods in terms of efficiency and reliability. As with traditional AL algorithms, the adaptive methods are matrix-free and thus represent a viable option for solving large-scale problems.     

一体化小桥式称重传感器的设计

电子称量系统在各个称量领域的应用极为广泛,而桥式称重传感器是电子称量系统的核心元器件。一体化小桥式称重传感器是将底座与弹性体合为一体来大大缩小传感器的几何形体,并将传感器的自重大幅度降低的一种设计方法。这样更便于电子称量系统的安装和维护,缩短电子称量系统的安装和维护周期。     

大规模车辆监控系统中通信服务器的设计与实现

针对现有车辆监控系统难以满足大规模负载的问题,设计一款高性能的通信服务器。该通信服务器合理地划分业务结构,并从多线程异步接收、协议解析模式、共享数据同步和线程池4个方面进行优化设计。最终测试表明,该通信服务器具有良好的适用性、可靠性和可拓展性。     

大容量闪存的层次型热数据识别框架

热数据识别对于提高闪存垃圾回收的效率、延长闪存寿命都有重要的作用。针对大数据量下热数据识别难的情况,该文提出一种层次型热数据识别框架,采用在多个层次上记录热数据的方法。实验证明,该框架能够在消耗较少资源的情况下,识别和预测出大数据量中的热数据。     

OCSVM集成模型解决支持向量机的大规模训练问题

该文针对集成方法实现支持向量机大规模训练的相关问题进行了深入研究,提出了一种称为"DD-Boosting"的成员分类器产生算法,能够在大规模数据集情况下利用类似Boosting技术产生稳定、高泛化性能的成员分类器。在此基础上,推导出基于OCSVM的分类器集成模型,实验仿真表明,该集成模型能够获得比主投票方法更好的泛化性能,且通过调整正则参数避免了训练过拟合问题。     

新的大尺寸截面配对式视觉测量方法的研究

根据大尺寸测量系统的现状,从分析线结构光入手,提出了组建传感器对测量方法,使每对传感器具备差动测量能力,提高单点测量精度;利用坐标测量臂和激光跟踪仪的大尺寸测量能力,对传感器坐标系进行全局校准,提高校准的精度和效率;研究椭圆检测算法,提出利用椭圆平行弦中点连线必过椭圆中心基本定理,求出椭圆中心坐标,拟合出椭圆形状;通过理论分析,该方法切实可行。     

Analogy and duality of texture analysis by harmonics or indicators

According to the classic harmonic approach, an orientation density function (odf)f is expanded into its corresponding Fourier orthogonal series with respect to generalized spherical harmonics, and a pole density function (pdf) into its corresponding Fourier orthogonal series with respect to spherical harmonics. While pdfs are even (antipodally symmetric) functions, odfs are generally not. Therefore, the part of the odf which cannot be determined from normal diffraction pdfs can be mathematically represented as the odd portion of its series expansion. If the odff is given, the even part can be mathematically represented explicitly in terms off itself. Thus, it is possible to render maps ofharmonic orientation ghosts, and to evaluatevariants of mathematical standard odfs resulting in identical pdfs independent of pdf data. However, if only normal diffraction pdfs are known, the data-dependentvariation width of feasible odfs remained unaccessible, and within the harmonic approach a measure of confidence in a solution of the pdf-to-odf inversion problem does not exist.According to any discrete approach, an odff defined on some setG of orientations is expanded into its corresponding Fourier orthogonal series with respect to indicator functions of the elements of a partition ofG, and a pdf defined on the upper (lower) unit hemisphereS ₊ ^{3 3} into its corresponding Fourier orthogonal series with respect to indicator functions of the elements of a partition ofS ₊ ³ . The ambiguity of the pdf-to-odf inversion problem is discussed in terms of column-rank deficiency of the augmented projection matrix. The implication of the harmonic approach to split an odf into auniquely determined and anundetermined part does no longer seem to be reasonable. However, it is possible to numerically determine data-dependent confidence intervals for the Fourier coefficients with respect to the indicator functions which can be immediately interpreted as mean orientation densities within the elements of the partition ofG. Doing so for all Fourier coefficients in the finite series expansion, i.e. for all elements of the partition of the setG, eventually results in the data-dependent variation width of odfs feasible with respect to given pdf data, and to the partitions ofG andS ₊ ³ .Thus it is confirmed that the appearance of orientation ghosts, in particular correlations oftrue andghost orientation components, depends on the representation of an odf. It may be questioned whether in practical applications the implicit assumption of the harmonic method that the even part can be determined uniquely and free of error is generally a reasonable initial condition to develop ghost correction procedures.     

Unlocking the Capacity of Vanadium Oxide by Atomically Thin Graphene-Analogous V2O5·nH2O in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising due to their high theoretical energy density and intrinsic safety, and the natural abundance of Zn. Since low voltage is an intrinsic shortage of AZIBs, achieving super-high capacity of cathode materials is a vital way to realize high practical energy density, which however remains a huge challenge. Herein, the capacity increase of classical vanadium oxide cathode is predicted via designing atomic thickness of 2D structure to introduce abundant Zn²⁺ storage sites based on density functional theory (DFT) calculation; then graphene-analogous V₂O₅·nH₂O (GAVOH) with only few atomic layers is fabricated, realizing a record capacity of 714 mAh g⁻¹. Pseudocapacitive effect is unveiled to mainly contribute to the super-high capacity due to the highly exposed GAVOH external surface. In situ Raman and synchrotron X-ray techniques unambiguously uncover the Zn²⁺ storage mechanism. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are further introduced to design GAVOH-CNTs gel ink for large-scale cathode fabrication. The hybrid cathode demonstrates ultra-stable cycling and excellent rate capability and delivers a high energy density of 476 Wh kg⁻¹ at 76 W kg⁻¹; 228 Wh kg⁻¹ is still retained at high mass loading of 10.2 mg cm⁻². This work provides inspiration for breaking the capacity limit of cathode in AZIBs.     

并行智能优化算法研究进展

基于种群迭代搜索的智能优化算法在农业、交通、工业等很多领域都取得了广泛的应用.但是该类算法迭代寻优的特点使其求解效率通常较低,很难应用到大规模、高维或实时性要求较高的复杂优化问题中.随并行分布式技术的发展,国内外很多学者开始着手研究智能优化算法的并行化.本文首要介绍了并行智能优化算法的基本概念;其次从协同机制、并行模型以及硬件结构3个维度综述了几类常见的并行智能优化算法,详细分析阐述了它们优点及不足;最后对并行智能优化算法的未来研究进行了展望.     

液氦温区大型低温制冷系统的可靠性评估

针对改进Claude循环的大型氦低温制冷系统,以制冷量不足为顶事件建立了故障树模型。利用结构法对故障树模型进行定性分析,分析得到系统的最小割集为18个。利用来自不同数据库的部件失效率对故障树模型进行定量计算,得到了不同的结果,并分析其原因。对各部件的关键重要度进行了计算,以衡量各个部件对系统发生故障的贡献程度。并通过增加系统冗余部件和提高关键部件可靠度等措施,为提高系统可靠性找到了有效的解决途径。