不同变截面桩竖向承载特性的数值分析

基于现场试验,采用Abaqus有限元软件对等截面桩及变截面桩单桩竖向承载力测试实验过程进行数值模拟。结果表明:弹性变形阶段,竖向荷载-沉降曲线呈线性变化趋势,等截面桩比变截面桩桩身沉降较小;塑性屈服阶段,等截面桩与变截面桩单桩承载力几乎一致。变截面位置对桩侧摩阻力沿深度的分布有一定影响,最大侧摩阻力位置根据变截面的位置而变化。变截面桩的平均侧摩阻力较等截面桩的平均侧摩阻力大,变截面桩侧摩阻力效果较等截面桩更有优势。在相同承载力条件下,变截面桩所耗费的材料较等截面少,对于竖向承载特性,变截面桩与等截面桩表现基本一致,因此使用变截面桩能节约工程成本。     

基于生态径流指标的水文情势变化评估新方法

基于流量历时曲线计算生态径流指标的方法存在诸多不足,也未形成相应的河流水文情势变化评估方法。采用流量过程线重新定义了月、季和年三种时间尺度的生态径流,构建了包含12个月生态盈余和12个月生态赤字的生态径流指标体系,提出了衡量这些指标在建库前后变化度的计算公式,基于月生态赤字发展了月生态风险评估方法,形成了一种河流生态水文情势变化评估方法。将其用于长江宜昌站,评估三峡工程在建库前后的生态水文情势变化。结果表明：重新定义的月、季、年生态径流之间消除了不一致性,香农多样性指数与年生态赤字的年际变化具有更高的相似度,变化度计算公式完全适用于衡量建库前后的变化程度,生态风险图使生态径流指标的实用性大为增强。     

Advances in Applying Computer-Aided Drug Design for Neurodegenerative Diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington’s disease are incurable and affect millions of people worldwide. The development of treatments for this unmet clinical need is a major global research challenge. Computer-aided drug design (CADD) methods minimize the huge number of ligands that could be screened in biological assays, reducing the cost, time, and effort required to develop new drugs. In this review, we provide an introduction to CADD and examine the progress in applying CADD and other molecular docking studies to NDs. We provide an updated overview of potential therapeutic targets for various NDs and discuss some of the advantages and disadvantages of these tools.     

Characterization of the Functional Cross-Talk between Surface GABAA and Dopamine D5 Receptors

The γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABA_AR) plays a major role in fast inhibitory synaptic transmission and is highly regulated by the neuromodulator dopamine. In this aspect, most of the attention has been focused on the classical intracellular signaling cascades following dopamine G-protein-coupled receptor activation. Interestingly, the GABA_AR and dopamine D5 receptor (D5R) have been shown to physically interact in the hippocampus, but whether a functional cross-talk occurs is still debated. In the present study, we use a combination of imaging and single nanoparticle tracking in live hippocampal neurons to provide evidence that GABA_ARs and D5Rs form dynamic surface clusters. Disrupting the GABA_AR–D5R interaction with a competing peptide leads to an increase in the diffusion coefficient and the explored area of both receptors, and a drop in immobile synaptic GABA_ARs. By means of patch-clamp recordings, we show that this fast lateral redistribution of surface GABA_ARs correlates with a robust depression in the evoked GABAergic currents. Strikingly, it also shifts in time the expression of long-term potentiation at glutamatergic synapses. Together, our data both set the plasma membrane as the primary stage of a functional interplay between GABA_AR and D5R, and uncover a non-canonical role in regulating synaptic transmission.     

Dynamic “Molecular Portraits” of Biomembranes Drawn by Their Lateral Nanoscale Inhomogeneities

To date, it has been reliably shown that the lipid bilayer/water interface can be thoroughly characterized by a sophisticated so-called “dynamic molecular portrait”. The latter reflects a combination of time-dependent surface distributions of various physicochemical properties, inherent in both model lipid bilayers and natural multi-component cell membranes. One of the most important features of biomembranes is their mosaicity, which is expressed in the constant presence of lateral inhomogeneities, the sizes and lifetimes of which vary in a wide range—from 1 to 10³ nm and from 0.1 ns to milliseconds. In addition to the relatively well-studied macroscopic domains (so-called “rafts”), the analysis of micro- and nanoclusters (or domains) that form an instantaneous picture of the distribution of structural, dynamic, hydrophobic, electrical, etc., properties at the membrane-water interface is attracting increasing interest. This is because such nanodomains (NDs) have been proven to be crucial for the proper membrane functioning in cells. Therefore, an understanding with atomistic details the phenomena associated with NDs is required. The present mini-review describes the recent results of experimental and in silico studies of spontaneously formed NDs in lipid membranes. The main attention is paid to the methods of ND detection, characterization of their spatiotemporal parameters, the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of their formation. Biological role of NDs in cell membranes is briefly discussed. Understanding such effects creates the basis for rational design of new prospective drugs, therapeutic approaches, and artificial membrane materials with specified properties.     

Dressing of filigree fine-grained metal bonded grinding wheels

Metal bonded grinding tools offer a remarkable potential for micro grinding because of their favorable wear behavior. However, metal bonded grinding tools, especially dicing blades, are hard to dress by conventional dressing methods. Electro contact discharge dressing, which is presented in this paper, is a numerically controlled dressing process offering the possibility to create the geometry and topography of the grinding wheel simultaneously at negligible dressing forces. The power of an electric circuit thermally removes the metal bond of the grinding wheel during the dressing process. The quality of the created profiles and the influence of the dressing parameters on the specific material removal rate of the grinding tool as well as the wear of the electrode are investigated at fine-grained grinding wheels.     

Mn含量对Mg2Ni型合金相形成及放电性能的影响

采用按比例混合合金粉末压制成圆柱试样，然后用低温烧结和随后机械球磨的方法制备了非晶态的Mg2Ni型合金。研究了烧结和球磨对不同Mn含量的Mg2Ni型合金的相形成过程及电化学性能的影响。实验表明：在Mg2Ni中采用第三组元Mn对Mg进行适量的替代后，通过烧结及球磨方法可以获得均匀的非晶相；微量替代可有效地提高其放电容量：随替代量的增加，合金最大放电容量和高速放电能力降低，而充放电循环稳定性提高。     

Study On the Tribological Behavior of the Arc-added Glow Discharge Plasma Non-hydrogen Carburization On Titanium Alloy Surfaces

This paper introduces a new titanium alloys surface strengthening treatment by using the arc-added glow discharge plasmas non-hydrogen carburization technique. High purity and high strength graphite is selected as cooling cathode arc source for supplying carbon atoms and particle, which migrate to the titanium alloy(Ti6Al4V) surface and form modified layer. Thus, the hydrogen embrittlement is avoided while the tfibological behavior of the titanium alloy surface is improved in the respects of anti-friction and anti-wear ability.The tribological behavior of the modified layer under dry sliding against SAE52100 steel was evaluated on a ball-on-disc test rig. The results showed that the modified layer obtained a thickness of 30μm at 980℃, 30minutes. The microhardness of the Ti6Al4V alloy surface attained 936 HV, which was much larger than that of the Ti6AI4V alloy. The Ti6AI4V alloy was characterized by adhesion wear and scuffing under dry sliding against the steel, while the surface modified layer experienced much abated adhesion wear and scuffing under the same testing condition. This could be attributed to the carbon dement with different modalities exists in the modified layer.The modified layer showed good friction-reducing and fair anti-wear ability in dry sliding against the steel. Using the SEM,XRD and XPS, the phase structure and morphology of the carburization modified layer was analyzed.     

An investigation of ultrasonic-assisted electrical discharge machining in gas

This study focuses on using ultrasonic to improve the efficiency in electrical discharge machining (EDM) in gas medium. The new method is referred to as ultrasonic-assisted electrical discharge machining (UEDM). In the process of UEDM in gas, the tool electrode is a thin-walled pipe, the high-pressure gas medium is applied from inside, and the ultrasonic actuation is applied onto the workpiece. In our experiment, the workpiece material is AISI 1045 steel and the electrode material is copper. The experiment results indicate that (a) the Material Removal Rate (MRR) is increased with respect to the increase of the open voltage, the pulse duration, the amplitude of ultrasonic actuation, the discharge current, and the decrease of the wall thickness of electrode pipe; and (b) the surface roughness is increased with respect to the increase of the open voltage, the pulse duration, and the discharge current. Based on experimental results, a theoretical model to estimate the MRR and the surface roughness is developed.     

40Cr钢电火花表面强化层的磨损特性研究

分析了在大接触应力的磨损条件下,表面残余应力和硬度对40Cr电火花强化层耐磨性的影响,探讨了其磨损机理。结果表明:滚动磨损和滚、滑动磨损时,随着试样表层硬度的提高,试样的耐磨性增大;强化层中的残余压应力可以提高强化层的硬度并增强其耐磨性。滚动磨损时,电火花强化层的磨损方式主要为粘着磨损、疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损三种机制;在滚、滑动磨损时,除上述三种机制外,还发生了氧化磨损。