Assessment of Numerical Models for Live Load Distribution in a Road Slab Bridge

This paper presents comparison of numerical models used in an analysis of a road bridge deck. The models were adapted for computing the live load distribution coefficients in composite concrete bridge deck. The load distribution method was chosen for assessment of the usability of different numerical model in slab bridge deck analysis. The goal of the study is to determine a simplest but still accurate numerical model to estimate live load effects on composite slab bridge. In the analysis, the well-established grillage approach was adapted for representation of the bridge deck as a basic model as well as more sophisticated three-dimensional models which was supposed to better represent the real behavior of the deck under concentrated wheel loads. The bridge deck was effectively modeled using beam and shell elements. The grillage method compares well with the finite-element method. This finding is allowed to establish simplification in numerical modeling of slab bridge decks for live load effect computations.     

基于横向场激励的高频压电超声换能器

介绍了一种基于横向场激励模式的高频压电超声换能器及其设计、分析和制作过程。采用扩展的Christoffel-Bech-mann方法对LiNbO3、LiTaO3和PMN-33PT三种不同压电材料的a模式横向场压电耦合系数进行了计算,发现这三种材料中LiNbO3具有最大的LFE a模式压电耦合系数,为28%。采用具有最大压电耦合系数的X切LiNbO3设计并制作了基于横向场激励的高频超声换能器,并采用传统的Pulse-Echo方法测试了该超声换能器的中心频率和带宽。实验测得该LFE高频超声换能器的中心频率为34MHz,-6dB带宽为14.4%。从理论和实验上证明了横向场激励模式可以应用于高频超声换能器。     

电液负载模拟器的二次型最优控制算法

电液负载模拟器属于被动式加载系统,受载对象的自主运动和加载装置的运动相互耦合,所产生的位置扰动会引起多余力。为抑制多余力建立了电液负载模拟器的状态空间模型,利用线性二次型最优控制理论设计了最优控制算法,算法具有最优状态反馈、最优前馈补偿和外扰补偿,使得电液负载模拟器的性能有明显提高。电液负载模拟器的仿真计算结果表明,利用最优控制算法设计的电液负载模拟器较好地抑制了多余力,从而较好地跟踪力指令。     

基于电力载波技术的智能化路灯控制系统

该设计综合采用了中心控制、信息传输、单片机控制、声控、实时监控等技术,自动控制路灯的工作状态,以达到节约能源的目的;采用电力载波技术即采用电力线作为传输总线,在总线上连接各远端指令接收器即路灯节点,控制各路灯的工作状态,从而大大节约了因铺设电缆所消耗的费用。     

电力负荷特性在线记录系统软件设计

提出了一种基于电铁牵引变电站电力负荷特性在线记录系统的软件设计方案,以提供电力系统负荷建模所需的数据。系统以PC机进行后台数据处理并上传数据记录,可以对电铁牵引变电站双变压器并列运行实现全时间点状态监测和负荷特性记录,具有存储容量大、功能齐全、调试简便、开发周期短、测量精度高等优点。通过仿真和实际测试证明,开发工作是成功的,该系统能够满足电力系统负荷特性数据采集的要求。     

Limit load and shakedown analysis of plastic structures under stochastic uncertainty

Problems from plastic analysis are based on the convex, linear or linearised yield/strength condition and the linear equilibrium equation for the stress (state) vector. In practice one has to take into account stochastic variations of several model parameters. Hence, in order to get robust maximum load factors, the structural analysis problem with random parameters must be replaced by an appropriate deterministic substitute problem. A direct approach is proposed based on the primary costs for missing carrying capacity and the recourse costs (e.g. costs for repair, compensation for weakness within the structure, damage, failure, etc.). Based on the mechanical survival conditions of plasticity theory, a quadratic error/loss criterion is developed. The minimum recourse costs can be determined then by solving an optimisation problem having a quadratic objective function and linear constraints. For each vector a(·) of model parameters and each design vector x, one obtains then an explicit representation of the “best” internal load distribution F^∗. Moreover, also the expected recourse costs can be determined explicitly. Consequently, an explicit stochastic nonlinear program results for finding a robust maximal load factor μ^∗. The analytical properties and possible solution procedures are discussed.     

Dynamic load balancing with adaptive factoring methods in scientific applications

To improve the performance of scientific applications with parallel loops, dynamic loop scheduling methods have been proposed. Such methods address performance degradations due to load imbalance caused by predictable phenomena like nonuniform data distribution or algorithmic variance, and unpredictable phenomena such as data access latency or operating system interference. In particular, methods such as factoring, weighted factoring, adaptive weighted factoring, and adaptive factoring have been developed based on a probabilistic analysis of parallel loop iterates with variable running times. These methods have been successfully implemented in a number of applications such as: N-Body and Monte Carlo simulations, computational fluid dynamics, and radar signal processing. The focus of this paper is on adaptive weighted factoring (AWF), a method that was designed for scheduling parallel loops in time-stepping scientific applications. The main contribution of the paper is to relax the time-stepping requirement, a modification that allows the AWF to be used in any application with a parallel loop. The modification further allows the AWF to adapt to load imbalance that may occur during loop execution. Results of experiments to compare the performance of the modified AWF with the performance of the other loop scheduling methods in the context of three nontrivial applications reveal that the performance of the modified method is comparable to, and in some cases, superior to the performance of the most recently introduced adaptive factoring method.

分布式高可扩展负载平衡中间件技术研究

现有的负载平衡中间件大多采用单一的基于对象的负载平衡粒度,更多地关注同一对象组的不同副本之间的平衡,复杂的分布式应用往往存在多种不同类型的服务对象组共存的情况。该文基于CORBA技术,论述提高负载平衡中间件可扩展性的关键问题、解决方法及其实现,给出了相关的测试结果。