区域土壤腐蚀试验数据分布特征研究——Ⅰ 概率分布特征表述

以塔里木和大港油田区域土壤腐蚀试验数据为例，论 证了区域腐蚀试验数据整体概率分布符合正态随机函数、其极大值数据符合Gumbel极值函数 .根据分布参数可以计算区内不同腐蚀性土壤比例、可能存在最大土壤腐蚀性和出现的概率 等工程信息.     

胫骨的层状微结构研究

利用扫描电镜对胫骨的微结构进行观察，结果显示胫骨是一种由羟基磷灰石和胶原蛋白组成的生物层状陶瓷复合材料，其增强相羟基磷灰石在骨中占较大比例，并平行于骨的表面以层状的形式排列。观察也显示这些羟基磷灰石层又是由许多羟基磷灰石片所组成，这些羟基磷灰石片具有长而薄的形状，也以平行的方式整齐排列。基于在胫骨中观察到的羟基磷灰石片的微结构特征，通过微结构模型分析及实验，研究了这种微结构的最大拔出力。结果表明：羟基磷灰石片长而薄的形状以及层状排列方式增加了其最大拔出力，进而提高了骨的断裂韧性。     

中原油田-曲阜-济南天然气管道工程沿线土壤腐蚀性评价

依据SY／T0007—1999《钢质管道及储罐腐蚀控制工程设计规范》对中原油田-曲阜-济南天然气管道工程沿线土壤进行了腐蚀评价，指出该管道沿线土壤以中强性腐蚀为主，文章对土壤腐蚀评价过程进行了较详细的介绍。     

土壤中阴离子对碳钢腐蚀的影响

应用弱极化曲线技术和交流阻抗谱研究了土壤中C1-、SO4^2-、CO3^2-、NO3-离子对碳钢腐蚀的影响。结果表明：阴离子对碳钢腐蚀的影响是显著的。当土壤中分别添加Cl-、CO3^2-、NO3-离子时，随着阴离子含量的增大，碳钢的腐蚀速率增大，在某一离子含量时，腐蚀速率达到最大，然后腐蚀速率随着离子含量的增加而减小。在含SO4^2-离子的土壤中随着SO4^2-离子含量的增大，土壤中碳钢的腐蚀速率增大。在有四种阴离子土壤中，阻抗谱均为单容抗弧，且大都在低频区出现扩散弧。     

Simulation of nitrogen dynamics and biomass production in winter wheat using the Danish simulation model DAISY

A dynamic simulation model for the soil plant system is described. The model includes a number of main modules, viz., a hydrological model including a submodel for soil water dynamics, a soil temperature model, a soil nitrogen model including a submodel for soil organic matter dynamics, and a crop model including a submodel for nitrogen uptake. The soil part of the model has a one-dimensional vertical structure. The soil profile is divided into layers on the basis of physical and chemical soil characteristics. The simulation model was used to simulate soil nitrogen dynamics and biomass production in winter wheat grown at two locations at various levels of nitrogen fertilization. The simulated results were compared to experimental data including concentration of inorganic nitrogen in soil, crop yield, and nitrogen accumulated in the aboveground part of the crop. Based on this validation it is concluded that the overall performance of the model is satisfactory although some minor adjustments of the model may prove to be necessary.     

Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas over Calcined Ni–Mg/Al Layered Double Hydroxides

The catalytic partial oxidation of CH₄ to syngas was carried out over an Ni–Mg/Al mixed-oxide catalyst prepared from layered double hydroxide-type precursors. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR, UV-DRS, XRF, BET and CHNS analysis. The effects of the catalyst composition and the calcination temperature on the catalytic performance and the extent of catalyst deactivation were investigated. Ni–Mg/Al oxide catalysts converted CH₄ into syngas efficiently with high selectivity. The catalyst performance was strongly related to the Ni particle size and the calcination temperature. The catalysts that were calcined at higher temperature exhibited a better catalytic performance. In conclusion, the NiAl₂O₄ spinel phase had a positive effect on the stability of the catalyst.     

表面有机化钛酸材料的制备及吸附染料性能

将K2CO3和TiO2通过高温固相反应制得K2Ti4O9,经酸化处理后得到H2Ti4O9,用正十二胺乙醇溶液与之反应,获得正十二胺柱撑的层状化合物,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)等方法对所得材料进行结构表征,并初步研究了有机胺支撑前后钛酸材料的吸附性能,实验结果表明:在钛酸钾材料的层间引入正十二胺有机基团后,层间距加大,吸附能力大大提高。     

A mathematical model for predicting the soil nitrogen status under varying fertilizer practices in a continuous cropping sequence

A mathematical model has been proposed for predicting the changes in soil nitrogen status due to continuous fertilization in a continuous cropping sequence. The model also enabled the prediction of the steady state of soil nitrogen for a specified fertilizer practice.The model was applied to six years nitrogen availability data of four fertilizer practices in finger millet-maize-cowpea sequence followed in the Long Term Fertilizer Experiments conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India. The agreement between the predicted soil nitrogen status by the model and the actuals was proved by employing reliability index.     

BIOFUMIGANT COMPOUNDS RELEASED BY FIELD PENNYCRESS (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Thlaspi arvense</Emphasis>) SEEDMEAL

Defatted field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) seedmeal was found to completely inhibit seedling germination/emergence when added to a sandy loam soil containing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and arugula [Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. subsp. sativa (Mill.) Thell.] seeds at levels of 1.0% w/w or higher. Covering the pots with Petri dishes containing the soil-seedmeal mixture decreased germination of both species at the lowest application rate (0.5% w/w), suggesting that the some of the phytotoxins were volatile. CH₂Cl₂, MeOH, and water extracts of the wetted seedmeal were bioassayed against wheat and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia (L.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby) radicle elongation. Only the CH₂Cl₂ extract was strongly inhibitory to both species. Fractionation of the CH₂Cl₂ extract yielded two major phytotoxins, identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and NMR as 2-propen-1-yl (allyl) isothiocyanate (AITC) and allyl thiocyanate (ATC), which constituted 80.9 and 18.8%, respectively, of the active fraction. When seeds of wheat, arugula and sicklepod were exposed to volatilized AITC and ATC, germination of all three species was completely inhibited by both compounds at concentrations of 5 ppm or less. In field studies, where seedmeal was applied at 0.50, 1.25, and 2.50 kg/m² and tarped with black plastic mulch, all of the treatments significantly reduced dry weight of bioassay plants compared to the tarped control, with the highest seedmeal rate decreasing dry matter to less than 10% of the control 30 d after seedmeal application. Field pennycress seedmeal appears to offer excellent potential as a biofumigant for high-value horticultural crops for both conventional and organic growers.Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable.     

纳米层状双金属氢氧化物的制备及结构表征

采用恒定pH 12±0.2,按n(Mg2+)∶n(Al3+)∶n(OH-)∶n(CO2-3)=6∶2∶16∶1配制溶液,采用一步反应液相法,制备纳米层状双金属氢氧化物(LDH)粉体.为了获得无团聚、分散均匀的纳米粉体,探讨了溶剂置换干燥、真空干燥、常压干燥对纳米LDH粉体形成团聚的影响;用X射线衍射仪、透射电镜、红外光谱仪和元素分析仪对样品的物相、形貌、粒径和组成进行了表征.结果表明,溶剂置换干燥能够有效防止纳米粉体形成硬团聚,样品分散性好,呈针状形态,长50 nm,宽5 nm.