The Effect of Structural Defects on the Thermal Conductivity of ZnS, ZnSe, and CdTe Polycrystals

ZnS, ZnSe, and CdTe polycrystals are experimentally investigated. Mechanisms are treated which restrict the thermal conductivity in samples prepared by recrystallization pressing and by deposition from the vapor phase and subjected to additional strain. Anomalies are observed on the temperature dependences of the thermal resistance of investigated samples, which are due to the special features of their phonon spectra and to the variation of the contribution made by longitudinal and transverse phonon branches to the heat transfer in the Debye temperature region and higher.     

Theory of Seepage into an Auger Hole in a Confined Aquifer Overlying a Gravel Substratum

An analytical solution is presented to the problem of steady groundwater flow seeping into a pumped cylindrical hole partially penetrating a homogeneous and anisotropic confined aquifer overlying a gravel substratum. Solutions are obtained for two general cases of the problem: (1) when the level of the pumped hole is below the confining layer; (2) when it is above it. The validity of the proposed theory is tested by comparing analytical predictions obtained for a few flow situations with corresponding results obtained by numerical means. The theory presented here can be utilized to convert the rate of rise of water in a pumped auger hole into directional conductivities of soil, in areas where water is found to be in a confined state overlying a gravel substratum. The study shows that the conductivity values calculated by neglecting the confining pressure of an artesian aquifer with a gravel base [i.e., by applying the existing (Boast and Kirkham in 1971), auger hole seepage theory for a phreatic aquifer with a gravel base to confined situations] may result in serious error; hence, the artesian head of an aquifer must be accounted for while computing the conductivity values. Further, it is observed that the area contributing flow to a pumped auger hole/well with a gravel base is mostly restricted to a short radial distance from the center of the hole, particularly for situations where the gravel substratum is located close to the bottom of the hole. This is in contrast to auger hole flow situations overlying an impervious substratum, where the domain contributing flow is mostly spread out to a considerable distance from the center of the hole.     

Some factors affecting the electrical properties of carbon-black-loaded butyl rubber during vulcanization

Butyl rubber mixtures loaded with 70 phr general purpose furnace black (GPF) and tetramethyl thiuram disulphide (TMTD)/S as vulcanizing system were prepared. The kinetics of their electrical conductivity development during the vulcanization process were followed by using an especially devised system. It was found that the increase in the electrical conductivity during vulcanization obeys an exponential growth function with time constant τ, which markedly decreases with increasing vulcanization temperature as well as with the efficiency of the vulcanizing system. After completion of the vulcanization process, about 80 min, the samples obtained possess reasonable stability and reproducibility of electrical conductivity.     

重Fermi子体系反常比热的理论研究

利用文献中Ｋｏｎｄｏ格子理论模型，研究了重Ｆｅｒｍｉ子体系比热与温度的反常关系。     

热流法计算高温炉内辐射传热

高温炉内的辐射传热是工业生产中常遇到的问题。过去，人们在应用热流法计算辐射传热时遇到了一定的困难，使计算结果与实际有一定的偏差。本文运用文献［１］中给出的新热流数学模型，开发出由新热流方程与能量方程相耦合的计算机程序，其中的比热流参数由线加热热源情况下计算得到。用该程序计算了实验室用马弗炉内的温度场，并且用热电偶实测了炉内的一些温度值，理论计算与实测值符合很好。     

低压铝箔交流腐蚀研究

在３０Ｈｚ频率下，通过铝箔在ＨＣｌ＋Ｈ２ＳＯ４＋ＨＮＯ３＋Ｈ３ＰＯ４体系中的交流腐蚀，研究腐蚀液组成中腐蚀主体及缓蚀剂对铝箔腐蚀的作用，探讨腐蚀过程中电源频率、腐蚀液温度、电流密度及腐蚀时间对铝箔腐蚀的影响。腐蚀液组成的配比恰当，有利于比容的提高。在特定的频率下采用合适的腐蚀液温度、适宜的电流密度和腐蚀时间可以提高铝箔的静电容量。     

Electronic Sensing of Aromatic Volatiles for Quality Sorting of Blueberries

An electronic sniffer using semi-conductor gas sensors that nondestructively measured aromatic volatile gas emissions from fruit was developed to assess blueberry quality. The sniffer detected soft and damaged fruit in packaged containers at a 5% level of damage and distinguished four of five fruit ripeness classes: (1) mature-green and green-pink; (2) blue-pink; (3) blue; and (4) ripe fruit. Sniffer response increased as fruit ripened, as did total concentration of aromatic volatiles. Sniffer response correlated with berry firmness, pH, titratable acidity, and color, and detected differences among 10 cultivars, as did impact response analysis. The electronic sniffer is rapid, nondestructive and may be used to sort and quality check for presence of unripe or damaged fruit in closed packs of fresh berries.     

Unconventional Charge Density Wave Arising from Electron–Phonon Interaction

We report of a theoretical study on quasi-one dimensional unconventional charge density wave (UCDW) driven by electron–phonon interaction. Within mean field theory, we find that the wavevector dependence of the coupling leads to a momentum dependent single particle gap on the Fermi surface. The presence of small energy single particle excitations around the gap nodes significantly changes the optical conductivity compared to the conventional CDW result. In addition to that, the collective phase excitation arising from fluctuation of the order parameter leads to further qualitative changes of the conductivity and results in an effective mass that is nonmonotonic in temperature.      

核材料检测仪的研制

在原来只适于检测(射线的苯基塑料闪烁体上涂以ZnS薄层，使之对γ射线也有很高的灵敏度。根据光电转换原理，采用PC为主控，并用单片机作为数据预处理器，通过标准串口通讯，构成硬件冗余模式；另外，将传统的直通道设计成直角形，使之既能检测金属容器，又能识别强放射性物质；同时，在出口端加装了限速／位阻拦装置，从而解决了γ射线-金属双重识别，反辐射屏蔽和防高速闯关等难题，大大提高了检测系统的可靠性。PC的数据库操作和远程通信等功能使得本仪器能满足现代高端应用的要求。实测表明，本仪器灵敏度高，可靠性好。对应于3mg的U^235仪器报警响应时间小于0．6s，而拦截动作响应时间不大于2s。     

利用阵列感应测井资料反演地层径向电导率

采用阵列感应测井仪测得的具有不同径向探测深度的5条电导率曲线完成了井中径向电导率分布反演。径向侵入剖面模型由冲洗带、原状地层和从冲洗带到原状地层的过渡带3部分组成。该侵入剖面模型较传统的仅由冲洗带和原状地层构成的台阶状侵入剖面模型更加接近地层径向侵入剖面的真实情况。与台阶状侵入剖面模型相对应的参数模型包括冲洗带电导率、原状地层电导率和侵入半径3个参数。而与含有过渡带的新侵入剖面模型相对应的参数模型除包括冲洗带电导率、原状地层电导率和过渡带中点半径外，还有一个反映过渡带电导率变化的指数N0根据反演得到的过渡带中点半径和指数N可以求出过渡带起点半径和过渡带终点半径。而且根据反演过程中采用的正演响应函数可以计算出任意径向深度处过渡带的电导率值。数值试验结果说明了该方法的正确性，实际资料处理结果说明了该方法的有效性。