下牢溪特大桥缆机占压路基开挖控制爆破技术

桥梁施工缆机占压的桥头岩质路基,紧邻桥台新浇筑砼、500kV输电线和崖下沿河公路等重要建筑。为满足工期要求,采取了分区多梯段大规模微差松动爆破技术,并加强安全防护措施,使桥台砼安全控制和飞石、滚石控制均获成功。     

疏松绿松石的无机物充填胶结改性研究

选择无机磷酸盐溶液,以浸泡-加热-保温-冷却为实验基本过程对疏松绿松石样品进行了改性实验。通过研究主要工艺影响因素在不同条件下的改善效果,选择了最佳的工艺条件。对处理前、后样品的宝石学性质（如颜色、透明度、硬度）、稳定性、化学成分、晶体结构、孔隙度以及工艺特性等进行了详细的对比分析研究。结果表明,疏松绿松石样品经处理后其颜色加深,透明度和硬度提高,结构致密,光泽加强,耐久性较好,加工工艺性能良好,可以作为首饰材料应用。处理绿松石样品的宝石学特征如折射率、荧光反应、矿物组分、红外光谱等与天然绿松石的一致,从外观上更像未处理绿松石。此改善方法主要为含磷无机物的充填胶结作用。     

FACIES HETEROGENEITIES IN A RAMP CARBONATE RESERVOIR ANALOGUE: A NEW HIGH‐RESOLUTION APPROACH FOR 3D FACIES MODELLING

In contrast to the conventional view that facies distribution patterns on carbonate ramps are relatively simple, outcrop analogue studies point to a high degree of internal facies complexity. Depending on the diagenetic overprint, this complex pattern may result in reservoir compartmentalization due to the presence of interflow baffles. The often subseismic scale heterogeneities may not be included in conventional reservoir modelling. In order to evaluate how facies heterogeneities in shoal reservoirs can be modelled realistically, this paper presents a facies modelling workflow which includes a new approach to the design of training images for multiple‐point statistics (MPS). The workflow was developed in the course of a reservoir outcrop analogue study of a Ladinian (Middle Triassic) coquinadominated shoal complex in SW Germany which was deposited on an epicontinental, gently inclined carbonate ramp. The data set was based on an intensive field study and includes 3D facies and sequence stratigraphic analyses of the largest shoal complex in the Quaderkalk Formation (Upper Muschelkalk). This several metre thick shoal complex represents a subseismic scale, bioclast‐rich reservoir analogue and has a very heterogeneous facies pattern. Integrating 1D facies logs and sequence stratigraphic trends from tens of outcrop sections and cores, two nested 3D geocellular facies models were produced: (i) a large‐scale (30 × 30 km) model based on truncated Gaussian simulation (TGS); this formed the basis for (ii) a smaller‐scale (10 × 10 km), more detailed model based on multiple point statistics. In addition, a new approach for training image design was developed to honour small‐scale sequence stratigraphic trends and lateral facies patterns observed in modern analogues. Compared to facies patterns in modern analogues, the large‐scale model presents geologically‐feasible facies distribution patterns and geometries, and in addition shows a vertical facies distribution which is similar to the observed sequence stratigraphic architecture of the outcrop data‐set used. Due to the new training image design, the final small‐scale model has a distribution pattern of facies heterogeneities which looks similar to modern facies distributions in the offshore UAE and thus represents a valuable method of producing realistic reservoir facies models. The modelling workflow and the new approach for training image design presented will help to reduce uncertainties in the understanding and modelling of subsurface reservoirs by using a systematic combination of outcrop data and modern analogues, with the consistent application of sequence stratigraphic principles. In addition, this study emphasises the importance of careful training image design, derived from modern analogues, which can be used as realistic inputs in order to optimize multiple point simulations, and which may be applied to producing bioclastic reservoirs such as those located on the Arabian Plate or offshore Brazil.     

提高薄板坯连铸生产线钢包自动开浇率的生产实践

介绍了钢包自动开浇率对薄板坯钢水纯净度的影响及影响钢包自动开浇率的各种因素,分析了引流砂质量、引流砂加入方式、上水口情况及钢水在钢包中停留时间对钢包自动开浇率的影响。通过采取一系列有效措施,唐钢薄板坯生产线钢包自动开浇率达到了98．5％以上。     

增强纤维对全风积沙超高性能混凝土收缩性能的影响

早期自收缩是影响超高性能混凝土体积稳定性的重要因素,特别是由粒径较小的风积沙作为骨料的全风积沙超高性能混凝土。试验采用建筑中常用的三种增强纤维,探索纤维种类与掺量对全风积沙超高性能混凝土早期自收缩的抑制规律。通过试验发现,三种纤维对全风积沙超高性能混凝土早期自收缩抑制效果由大到小依次为:PVA纤维玄武岩纤维钢纤维,在一定范围内,纤维的掺量越高,对全风积沙超高性能混凝土早期自收缩抑制效果越好。这一结论为探索增强纤维对全风积沙超高性能混凝土自收缩性能影响的规律提供了参考。     

高水头电站水轮机沙水流动特性的数值研究

研究泥沙磨损有助于降低水轮机磨损,延长水轮机使用寿命。运用Partical两相流模型对高水头多泥沙电站的水轮机全流道内部沙水两相流动进行数值计算,并分别分析转轮进口沿叶高20%、50%、80%流面的流动特性。计算结果表明,压力从固定导叶进口到转轮出口圆周方向的周向性较好,分布合理,最低压力高于空化压力。活动导叶上泥沙相体积分数最高在导叶头部位置,尾部泥沙相体积分数也较高,导叶靠近头部处和导叶尾部泥沙速度最大。转轮叶片各叶高流面泥沙相体积分数均在叶片工作面尾部达到最大,叶片头部和尾部位置泥沙速度均较高。研究结果对水轮机选材、关键磨损部位的预测及防护方案具有指导意义。     

细分层系一次多层压裂充填防砂技术研究

随着渤海油气田开发进入中后期,稳产、增产、降本增效的压力日益突出。对于当前完井作业中突出的储层保护、可高效调整层间分隔和薄油层精细分层系等技术难题,提出了研究一种适合海上细分层系一次多层压裂充填防砂技术的必要性。针对海上ø244.5 mm生产套管一次多层充填防砂完井,对国内外同类技术现状进行调研,剖析各自的技术特点和适用范围; 设计了一种满足海上1次7层及以上细分层系压裂充填防砂管柱及配套关键工具。经过实例井的施工模拟分析和参数优化,验证了其技术参数的适用范围。综合对比各项技术的先进性、经济性、优势和风险性,为细分层系一次多层压裂充填防砂技术的后续设计和细化产品提供了可靠的数据支持。     

一种量测松散介质对应力波衰减效应的实验方法及其在珊瑚砂中的应用

砂土等松散介质对在其中传播的应力波有非常明显的衰减作用,因此,松散介质常常作为爆炸波消波材料被广泛应用于防护工程中。为了准确地量测松散介质对应力波的衰减效应,基于并改进了传统SHPB装置,提出了一种定量研究应力波在砂土介质中衰减规律的新方法。该文方法适用于所有在冲击荷载的应变率范围内（约1~102 s-1）应变率效应不明显的松散介质。方法基于拟合的透射系数T₂,通过杆中的三波（入射波、反射波和透射波）计算得到试件两端真实的峰值应力,还可以计算试件的弹性波速、峰值应力速度、试件端部应力波的前沿升时等关键参数,简单实用,可操作性强。采用提出的方法,对干燥珊瑚砂进行了应力波衰减实验,得出了应力波荷载峰值随传播距离的衰减规律。经对比实验与参数讨论发现,拟合透射系数引起的结果误差不超过2.83%,具有很好的可靠性与实用性。     

富县采油厂水平井前置酸加砂压裂酸液配方试验

为了解决富县采油厂油层水平井常规加砂压裂过程中给储层和支撑裂缝带来的损害导致压裂效果有限甚至压裂无效的问题,达到提高储层改造效果的目的,针对富县采油厂储层孔喉半径小、排驱压力高、孔渗性差、填隙物含量高等特点,通过室内实验配制出适合富县采油厂主力层位长6和长8油层的前置酸酸液体系。酸液体系为:12%盐酸+3%氢氟酸+0.5%缓蚀剂+0.5%破乳助排剂+0.5%黏土稳定剂+0.1%柠檬酸。室内实验和现场应用表明:该前置酸酸液能够有效降低压裂过程对储层和支撑裂缝的伤害90%以上,对低产低效储层改造具有重要指导意义。     

苏里格气田西南部致密砂岩气藏资源评价方法及评价参数的影响因素

对储层特征及其对资源评价影响的认识,是致密砂岩气藏资源评价、生产和高效开发的基础之一。通过测井分析、薄片观察、生烃条件和生产数据分析,研究苏里格气田西南部石盒子组8段和山西组1段储层特征、砂体展布、砂体厚度、砂体叠置模式,明确储层特征和适用的评价方法,探讨储层特征对资源评价参数的影响。研究表明：苏里格气田储层具有典型的低孔低渗、强非均质性特征,适用容积法进行资源评价;储层厚度和面积受控于砂体展布和叠置模式,一般砂体厚度大,展布面积广的分流河道和复合砂体的资源量较大,产气量较高;储层孔渗受控于碎屑组分和微观孔隙类型,并受后期成岩作用强烈改造,压实作用和胶结作用破坏孔隙,溶蚀作用有力地改善了孔隙;生烃强度在根本上控制了产水区和产气区的分布,而致密气富集的甜点区主要分布于有利储层的相对高孔渗部位。在致密砂岩气资源评价中,沉积作用控制了砂体展布和叠置模式,塑造了不同类型的复合砂体,决定了储层面积、厚度,进而控制了油气赋存规模和产能。成岩作用改变储层储集和渗滤性能,主要以微观形式来对整个油气开采区的油气储量带来影响。