降低原水泵站运行成本的措施和可能效果

根据中国石化上海石化股份有限公司水务公司的生产实际情况,提出了使用调速水泵、合理控制管网压力、加大净水装置进水阀开启度等方法,并对可能效果进行了阐述。     

黄河下游二级悬河段河势及漫滩模型分析

结合实体模型试验,在洪量和沙量不变的情况下,对概化处理后不同量级洪水条件下黄河下游二级悬河段的水沙过程进行了研究。结果表明:随着洪峰流量加大,进入滩区的水量也随之增大,其漫滩范围和落淤厚度有逐步增大的趋势,但漫滩洪水基本流路无大的变化;漫滩洪水的水流交换模式包括在三角形滩区内完成的淤滩刷槽交换模式和水流漫滩后通过较长距离条形滩区落淤后回归主槽的交换模式。     

水平旋流泄洪洞原型和模型的脉动压力特性对比与分析

依据公伯峡水平旋流泄洪洞原型观测和反演模型试验的成果,对这种新型水平旋流内消能泄洪洞在闸门启闭过程中的脉动压力特性进行了对比与分析。研究表明环形掺气坎上游竖井段、起旋室内及水平旋流洞内压力随时间变化趋势原型和模型的基本一致,符合重力相似准则;受缩尺效应的影响,原型和模型环形掺气坎的空腔长度不同,压力差异较大;起旋室内的压力变化可分为四个阶段;原、模型相应测点的水流的优势频率均属低频,远小于建筑物的固有频率。     

Delayed influence of dam storage and discharge on the determination of seasonal proliferations of Microcystis aeruginosa and Stephanodiscus hantzschii in a regulated river system of the lower Nakdong River (South Korea)

This study presents the relationship between the dam hydrology and phytoplankton proliferations in a regulated river system in East Asia. A long-term ecological study reveals that multi-purpose dam regulation on river flow in the Nakdong River (South Korea) affects proliferating patterns of phytoplankton, especially during summer (June-August) and winter (December-next February) as Microcystis aeruginosa and Stephanodiscus hantzschii, respectively, dominate each season by over 80%. Eutrophication was observed in the lower Nakdong River (South Korea) (mean+/-standard deviation: nitrate-N, 2.8+/-0.9 mg L(-1); phosphate-P, 40.3+/-31.3 microg L(-1); chlorophyll a, 45.2+/-84.9 microg L(-1); n=449), and the limnological characteristics responded to climatic variations such as monsoon and summer typhoons. The river basin experiences concentrated rainfall during the rainy season (June-September, over ca. 60% of total annual rainfall). Correlation and cross-correlation for time-delayed relationship revealed the hydrological environments (i.e., quantity of dam storage and discharge) had significantly negative relationship with the population dynamics of the two bloom-forming species for up to the next 2 years. S. hantzschii had clearer relationship with dam storage and discharge, which might be due to the seasonality exhibited by the species. The results support the necessity of "smart flow control" which may enable destruction of bloom formation by the two species with an adequate pulse of discharge generated by upstream dams in the far-east Asian river systems. This would increase the efficiency of water resource management system.     

Stainless steel membrane distributor-type dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor for co-conversion of CH4/CO2

Flow arrangement in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor is key to affecting multi-component gas reactions. Herein, a stainless-steel membrane distributor-type DBD reactor was developed to allow the change of gas flow arrangements freely to understand their effect on plasma-assisted CH₄/CO₂ co-conversion to syngas. Variation of gas flow arrangements in the DBD reactor could regulate the reaction performance. Also, the inclusion of quartz wool in the DBD reactor could enhance the effect of gas flow arrangement compared to the plasma-alone DBD. Especially, the DBD reactor with CO₂ feed in the quartz wool-packed discharge zone and CH₄ distributed via the membrane exhibited good stability over 600 min on stream, with rather stable CO₂/CH₄ conversions of ~25%/20%, H₂/CO selectivities of ~50%/32%, H₂/CO molar ratio of 0.9–1.1, and energy efficiency of ~0.20 mmol·kJ⁻¹ based on the conversion of feed gases.     

燃煤电厂锅炉超净排放技术改造探讨

为减少大气污染物的排放,确保燃煤发电的清洁高效,在役机组进行了大量的环保技术改造,重点地区燃煤电厂的污染物排放浓度有了更高的要求,达到燃机排放标准成为一种方向和目标.简要叙述燃煤电厂大气污染物治理的技术路线,分析深度治理方案的选择,以及需要采取的相应完善措施.     

交流特高压主变局部放电不同试验方法的现场应用比较与分析

大型电力变压器在投运前或大修后都需进行现场局部放电试验的考核,现场局部放电试验作为绝缘系统考核的重要试验项目,其试验技术难度较高,对设备及现场环境要求高,1 000 kV交流特高压变压器作为交流特高压输变电关键设备,由于其电压等级高、容量大、分布电容复杂等原因,现场试验难度更大、要求更高。本文介绍了目前交流特高压主变现场局部放电试验所普遍采用的中频无刷励磁同步发电机组和变频电源试验系统,阐述了两种试验系统因其本身技术原理的不同而在现场试验中呈现的特点,对试验原理、装备特性进行分析,对比分析其现场试验方法的优势及缺点。     

真丝绸涂料拔染印花

为改进真丝绸拔染印花的色牢度，选用涂料代替染料进行印花。通过试验，筛选耐拔涂料、增稠剂、粘合剂和湿摩擦牢度增进剂，发现拔白剂宜选择次硫酸氢型，增稠剂为化学增稠剂，并进行二次增稠，粘合剂选用101-APF；用湿摩擦牢度增进剂处理时，可将其直接加入至色浆中，工艺简单，效果好。涂料拔染印花真丝绸保持了丝绸的柔软手感，各项色牢度均较佳，尤其是湿摩擦牢度，可达3级或以上。     

低温长时间发酵酸乳加工关键技术及品质研究

选用乳酸链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌制作低温长时间发酵酸乳,利用DPS软件设计正交实验优化酸乳生产工艺,并对发酵结束和经4℃、后熟24h后以及4℃、冷藏3d后酸乳的酸度、pH值、纯蛋白、游离氨基酸、脂肪、双乙酰、乙醛、乳酸菌活菌数量等质量指标和风味成分进行分析检测。结果表明,最佳工艺为乳酸链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌二4∶1,接种量3%,添加蔗糖8%,34℃培养10h左右。低温长时间发酵酸乳的酸度为69·35°T,乙醛含量为14·46mg/kg,双乙酰含量为4·72mg/kg,乳酸菌活菌数为7·15×109cfu/mL。经感官评定,酸乳的凝乳组织状态均匀细腻,香气浓郁纯正,酸甜适口,品质优良。     

涤纶仿真丝绸深地拔染印花工艺研究

探讨了涤纶仿真丝绸采用常规的高温高压染深地，还原剂法拔印工艺，通过对染地工艺、拔染助剂、蒸化工艺的研究，提出了解决地色深度及均匀怀问题的方法，获得了满意的拔染印花效果。