Development of Spectral Selective Multilayer Film for a Variable Emittance Device and Its Radiation Properties Measurements

A smart radiation device (SRD) that is a variable emittance radiator has been developed as a thermal control material for spacecraft. The SRD has the unique feature of large variation of the total hemispherical emittance _H near room temperature. The _H of the SRD changes depending on its temperature. However, there is a drawback of a large solar absorptance _S. It is too large to use as a thermal control material for spacecraft. In order to reduce the large _S, spectral selective multilayer film was developed. This multilayer film reflects solar radiation and transmits far-infrared radiation to maintain the variation in the _H of the SRD. This paper presents thermal radiative properties of the SRD with spectral selective multilayer film. The multilayer film was designed by using a genetic algorithm (GA). The designed multilayer film was evaporated on the surface of the SRD by the electron beam evaporation method. The experimental results of _S and _H of the SRD with the multilayer film agreed well with calculated results.     

W/O乳状液模板法制备纳米MnO2微球

以偏重亚硫酸钠（Na2S2O5）和高锰酸钾（KMnO4）为原料，通过W／O乳状液模板技术制备了纳米MnO2微球．用SEM、TEM、XRD、FT-IR等手段对产品的形貌、物相和成分进行了表征．结果发现用本方法制得的纳米MnO2微球，大小基本均匀，球形规整，纯度较高，且具有较高的反应活性．结合实验事实和产品特性，初步探讨了纳米MnO2微球的形成机理．     

介孔硅酸锰镁可充镁电池正极材料的制备及其电化学性能研究

采用介孔二氧化硅MCM-41作模板和硅源, 合成了具有介孔结构的可充镁电池正极材料硅酸锰镁. 分别用XRD、SEM、TEM和氮气吸脱附测试研究了合成材料的介孔结构, 并通过循环伏安、恒电流充放电测试比较了介孔与无孔硅酸锰镁材料的电化学性能. 由于介孔材料活性表面较大, 可增加电解液与活性材料的接触, 使材料具有较多的电化学反应位. 因而, 与相应的无孔材料相比, 具有介孔结构的硅酸锰镁材料呈现出较低的充放电极化、较大的放电容量和较高的放电电压平台. 在0.25 mol/L Mg(AlCl₂EtBu)₂/THF 电解液中, 0.2 C(约62.8 mA/g)充放电速率下, 介孔硅酸锰镁材料首次放电容量可达到241.8 mAh/g, 放电平台为1.65 V ( vs Mg/Mg²⁺). 设计具有介孔结构的材料为提高可充镁电池正极的电化学性能提供了一条有效的途径.     

Early-stage nucleation of manganese sulfide particle and its processing evolution in Fe—3wt.%Si alloys

Manganese sulfide is often referred to as one of important inhibitors in grain-oriented electrical steels, which is of great importance to yield strong Goss texture. However, the early stage of nucleation for such inhibitors and their evolution during the processing has not been well understood. In present work we selected a Fe--3.12wt.%Si--0.11wt.%Mn--0.021wt.%S model system and used FE-SEM and atom probe tomography (APT) to investigate the precipitation behavior of MnS inhibitors at near atomic scale. It was found that the Si--S enriched clusters with sizes of 5--15 nm were formed close to the MnS particles. The density of inhibitors decreased after large pseudo-plane-strain compression because of the effect of dislocation motion, and then slightly increased again when sample was aged at 200°C for 48 h. The dislocations and grain boundaries can act as fast diffusion paths and assist the reemergence of Si--S enriched clusters.     

Ti/SnO2+SbOx/MnO2(Ce)电极制备及性能表征

采用热分解法制备了不同浓度稀土元素铈掺杂钛基二氧化锰电极,通过SEM、极化曲线和EIS测试等方法分析了自制电极的形貌、催化性能和废水处理效果等.结果表明:适量铈元素的掺杂能改善二氧化锰电极的表面形貌,提高电极的析氯电催化活性,增强电极的耐蚀性和稳定性;使其在氯化钠电解质体系中处理亚甲基蓝印染废水的色度去除率达到96.9％,COD去除率达到91.8％.     

Yolk–Shell MnO@ZnMn2O4/N–C Nanorods Derived from α‐MnO2/ZIF‐8 as Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries

Manganese oxides (MnO_x) are promising anode materials for lithium ion batteries, but they generally exhibit mediocre performances due to intrinsic low ionic conductivity, high polarization, and poor stability. Herein, yolk–shell nanorods comprising of nitrogen‐doped carbon (N–C) coating on manganese monoxide (MnO) coupled with zinc manganate (ZnMn₂O₄) nanoparticles are manufactured via one‐step carbonization of α‐MnO₂/ZIF‐8 precursors. When evaluated as anodes for lithium ion batteries, MnO@ZnMn₂O₄/N–C exhibits an reversible capacity of 803 mAh g^?1 at 50 mA g^?1 after 100 cycles, excellent cyclability with a capacity of 595 mAh g^?1 at 1000 mAg^?1 after 200 cycles, as well as better rate capability compared with those non‐N–C shelled manganese oxides (MnO_x). The outstanding electrochemical performance is attributed to the unique yolk–shell nanorod structure, the coating effect of N–C and nanoscale size.     

Editable Supercapacitors with Customizable Stretchability Based on Mechanically Strengthened Ultralong MnO2 Nanowire Composite

Although some progress has been made on stretchable supercapacitors, traditional stretchable supercapacitors fabricated by predesigning structured electrodes for device assembling still lack the device‐level editability and programmability. To adapt to wearable electronics with arbitrary configurations, it is highly desirable to develop editable supercapacitors that can be directly transferred into desirable shapes and stretchability. In this work, editable supercapacitors for customizable shapes and stretchability using electrodes based on mechanically strengthened ultralong MnO₂ nanowire composites are developed. A supercapacitor edited with honeycomb‐like structure shows a specific capacitance of 227.2 mF cm^?2 and can be stretched up to 500% without degradation of electrochemical performance, which is superior to most of the state‐of‐the‐art stretchable supercapacitors. In addition, it maintains nearly 98% of the initial capacitance after 10 000 stretch‐and‐release cycles under 400% tensile strain. As a representative of concept for system integration, the editable supercapacitors are integrated with a strain sensor, and the system exhibits a stable sensing performance even under arm swing. Being highly stretchable, easily programmable, as well as connectable in series and parallel, an editable supercapacitor with customizable stretchability is promising to produce stylish energy storage devices to power various portable, stretchable, and wearable devices.     

锂-二氧化锰电池的正极导电剂

在锂-二氧化锰电池中,选择五种导电剂材料进行粉末电阻率的测试,结果表明乙炔黑和炭黑(SP)的电阻率相近,在所选择的材料中较大;KS15和膨胀石墨的电阻率相近,在320μΩ·m左右;而气相生长碳纤维(VGCF)是所有材料中电阻率最小的,仅为0.6μΩ·m.以乙炔黑为主导电剂,采用石墨类导电剂(KS15)与之混合的放电容量大.以气相生长碳纤维和SP混合作为导电剂的电极,在0.2 mA/cm2条件下的放电性能略高于采用乙炔黑 膨胀石墨作为混合导电剂的电极,其中放电电压平台高60 mV左右.放电时间增加了9.12 h.而在5 mA/cm2条件下放电性能则明显提高,放电电压平台比采用乙炔黑 膨胀石墨作为混合导电剂的电极提高了100 mV左右,而且放电时间延长约52%.     

焦炭还原焙烧锰矿制备硫酸锰及其机理

以非洲进口锰矿为原料,焦炭为还原剂,进行还原焙烧、硫酸浸出制备硫酸锰溶液。探究焦炭配比、焙烧温度、焙烧时间对锰还原效果的影响,确定最佳工艺参数,并对焙烧反应体系进行热力学分析及对浸出过程进行动力学分析。结果表明,最佳的焙烧条件为：焦炭配比15%、800℃焙烧60 min,锰的还原率达到97.84%。焙烧体系反应都是自发进行的,表观活化能为22.458 6 kJ/mol,且浸出过程受内扩散控制,动力学方程为：1-2x/3-(1-x)^2/3=8.48exp(-22458.6/RT)×t。