Preparation and adsorption behavior of a cellulose‐based,mixed‐mode adsorbent with a benzylamine ligand for expanded bed applications

A novel mixed‐mode expanded bed adsorbent with anion‐exchange properties was explored with benzylamine as the functional ligand. The cellulose composite matrix, densified with stainless steel powder, was prepared with the method of water‐in‐oil suspension thermal regeneration. High activation levels of the cellulose matrix were obtained with allyl bromide because of the relative inertness of the allyl group under the conditions of the activation reaction. After the formation of the bromohydrin with N‐bromosuccinimide and coupling with benzylamine, the activated matrix was derived to function as a mixed‐mode adsorbent containing both hydrophobic and ionic groups. The protein adsorption capacity was investigated with bovine serum albumin as a model protein. The results indicated that the prepared adsorbent could bind bovine serum albumin with a high adsorption capacity, and it showed salt tolerance. Effective desorption was achieved by a pH adjustment across the isoelectric point of the protein. The interactions between the cell and adsorbent were studied, and the bioadhesion was shielded by the adjustment of the salt concentration above 0.1M. Stable fluidization in the expanded bed was obtained even in a 2% (dry weight) yeast suspension. The direct capture of target proteins from a biomass‐containing feedstock without extra dilution steps could be expected with the mixed‐mode adsorbent prepared in this work, and this would be especially appropriate for expanded bed adsorption applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

PbS-Sb2S3-FeS三元系在水蒸气气氛下的铅锑分离

在1073K下通过测定三硫化锑和硫化铅的挥发速度,研究了PbS-Sb_2S_3-FeS三元系在水蒸气气氛下的铅锑分离规律。X-射线衍射结果表明,焙砂由PbS、Fe_3O_4、FePb_4Sb_6S_(14)、Pb_5Sb_4S_(11)和FeSb_2O_4组成。当试样中FeS含量在5％～7％时,铅锑分离效果最好。当试样中FeS的含量≥10％时,铅锑分离效果较差,这时过量的FeS会与Sb_2S_3和PbS形成复杂的硫化物(FePb_4Sb_6S_(14)、Pb_5Sb_4S_(11))或被氧化成F4Sb_2O_4,使锑的挥发变得困难,导致残留在焙砂中的锑含量升高。     

某硅线石矿石选别中除铁研究

针对矿石中硅线石微细嵌布，铁矿物嵌布亦较细。且有近二分之一铁在非金属矿物晶格之中，除铁难的特点，通过试验研究对比采用一段磨矿磁选除铁后磁尾浮选富集硅线石．浮选精矿再磨后酸浸再除铁的工艺方法，获得了理想的除铁效果，使硅线石精矿质量达到较高品质。     

自适应相干噪声衰减技术

去除噪声是必需的地震数据处理过程。由于地表条件和地震波激发、传播以及接收条件等诸多方面的原因，时常引起地震记录上出现各种相干干扰波。本文主要针对地震数据处理中地震剖面上存在的各种相干噪声，提出了时问一空间域自适应相干噪声衰减技术，以进行信噪分离。这种方法把噪声在整个处理平面上的视速度近似看作常量(正值或负值)，可以有效地消除地震剖面上的线性噪声、面波以及多次波等，并且对信号的保真度高。本文方法是复杂地区低信噪比地震数据处理的一种理想的噪声去除方法，具有运算速度快、压制噪声效果好等优点。     

Spectral color reproduction minimizing spectral and perceptual color differences

In this article, we are combining minimization criteria in the colorant separation process for spectral color reproduction. The colorant separation is performed by inverting a spectral printer model: the spectral Yule‐Nielsen modified Neugebauer model. The inversion of the spectral printer model is an optimization operation in which a criterion is minimized at each iteration. The approach we proposed minimizes a criterion defined by the weighted sum of a spectral difference and a perceptual color difference. The weights can be tuned with a parameter α ∞ [0, 1]. Our goal is to decrease the spectral difference between the original data and its reproduction and also to consider perceptual color difference under different illuminant conditions. In order to find the best α value, we initially compare a pure colorimetric criterion and a pure spectral criterion for the reproduction, then we combine them. We perform four colorant separations: the first separation will minimize the 1976 CIELAB color difference where four illuminants are tested, the second separation will minimize an equally weighted summation of 1976 CIELAB color difference with the four illuminants tested independently, the third colorant separation will minimize a spectral difference, and the fourth colorant separation will combine a weighted sum of a spectral difference and one of the two first colorimetric differences previously introduced. This last colorant separation can be tuned with a parameter in order to emphasize on spectral or colorimetric difference. We use a six colorants printer with artificial inks for our experiments. The prints are simulated by the spectral Yule‐Nielsen modified Neugebauer model. Two groups of data are used for our experiments. The first group describes the data printed by our printing system, which is represented by a regular grid in colorant space of the printer and the second group describes the data which is not originally produced by our printing system but mapped to the spectral printer gamut. The Esser test chart and the Macbeth Color Checker test chart have been selected for the second group. Spectral gamut mapping of this data is carried out before performing colorant separation. Our results show improvement for the colorant separations combining a sum of 1976 CIELAB color difference for a set of illuminants and for the colorant separation combining a sum of 1976 CIELAB color difference and spectral difference, especially in the case of spectral data originally produced by the printer. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 494–504, 2008     

New multiresolution modeling techniques in CAD

To apply wavelet transformation to CAD surface model composed of multiple surface patches, an algorithm called wavelet signal separation to preserve geometric constraints during wavelet transformation is proposed. The algorithm divides the B-spline control points into those associated and those unassociated with the geometric constraints. Through preserving the signal information associated with the constraint control points, the geometric constraints can be automatically preserved after wavelet transformation. This paper also briefly investigates two types of the detail feature propagation technique in wavelet-based multiresolution CAD system. One is detail feature motion. The other is detail feature repetition. Finally, a comprehensive example is presented to illustrate the effects of the combination of those techniques.     

膜分离技术在制药工业中的应用

膜分离技术在制药工业中的应用包括生物发酵制药、中药生产和现代生物技术等．膜分离技术在抗生素、半合成抗生素、维生素和氨基酸生产中尤其常见．随着膜材料、膜组件和膜设备的不断改进，膜分离技术在制药工业中将扮演越来越重要角色．     

浅谈城市道路立交的概念性方案设计

通过南昌市某快速路的设计实例，认识到搞好快速路沿线各交叉口的方案设计是快速路规划设计的关键内容。道路交叉口设计应注重交通功能分析，满足路口交通需求，同时也不能忽视立交的景观要求。