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141.
偏晶合金凝固研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
偏晶类合金作为1类重要的工程实用合金,以其独特的组织和特殊的性能,被材料学界争相研究。本文概述了偏晶类合金在微重力环境、定向凝固、深过冷和急冷快速凝固4方面的最新凝固理论研究进展。并指出了今后的研究方向。 相似文献
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144.
Ying Chen Shuichi Iwata Tetsuo Mohri 《稀有金属(英文版)》2006,25(5):437-440
Theoretical investigation of the phase equilibria of the Fe-Ni alloy has been performed by combining the FLAPW total energy calculations and the Cluster Variation Method through the Cluster Expansion Method. The calculations have proved the stabilization of the LIE phase at 1:3 stoichiometry, which is in agreement with the experimental result, and predicted the existence of L1 0 as a stable phase below 550 K; this L1 0 phase has been missing in the conventional phase diagram. The calculations are extended to the Fe-rich region that is characterized by a wide range phase separation and has drawn considerable attention because of the intriguing Invar property associated with a Fe concentration of 65%. To reveal the origin of the phase separation, a P-V curve in an entire concentration range is derived by the second derivative of free energy functional of the disordered phase with respect to the volume. The calculation confirmed that the phase separation is caused by the breakdown of the mechanical-stability criterion. The newly calculated phase separation line combined with the L1 0 and L12Eorder-disordered phase boundaries provides phase equilibria in the wider concentration range of the system. Furthermore, a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is attempted by incorporating the thermal vibration effect through harmonic approximation of the Debye-Gruneisen model. The Invar behavior has been reproduced, and the origin of this anomalous volume change has been discussed. 相似文献
145.
萃取预分离法分离富铕中钇矿新工艺 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用一种新的串级萃取方式--萃取预分离法分离富铕中钇矿的新工艺.原料首先流入十几的三出口预先粗分离工艺,其萃余液La~Gd(TbDy)直接流入Nd/Sm工艺;中间出口流入(Gd)Tb~HoY(Er)Gd~Dy/Ho~LuY细分离工艺;出口负载有机相(Ho)Er~LuY流入Gd~Dy/Ho~LuY的洗涤段.结果表明,新工艺的粗分离工艺将占原料约70%的La~Gd(TbDy)预分离掉,使流入Gd~Dy/Ho~LuY工艺的稀土量减少约70%;由于Gd~Dy/Ho~LuY分组的萃余液GdTbDy含Ho2O3小于0.03%,省去原工艺的GdTbDy/HoY分离;新工艺的处理能力提高30%,酸碱消耗减少20%以上,贵重稀土元素Eu和Tb的存槽量大大减少. 相似文献
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The influence of nonsolvent, crystallinity of the polymer film, and addition of dodecane (a poor solvent for the polymer and for the nonsolvent) on the morphology of polylactides films has been investigated and was related to phase separation behavior. Both amorphous poly‐DL ‐lactide (PDLLA) and crystalline poly‐L ‐lactide (PLLA) were dissolved in dichloromethane, and subsequently films were made by immersion in nonsolvent baths. PDLLA gave dense films without any internal structure, since the structure was not solidified by crystallization or glassification. PLLA films show varying structure depending on the nonsolvent. With methanol, asymmetric morphologies were observed as a result from combined liquid‐liquid demixing and crystallization, while with water symmetric spherulitic structures were formed. As a next step, dodecane was added, which is not miscible with the nonsolvent, and we found it to have a strong influence on the morphology of the films. The PDLLA films with dodecane did not collapse: a closed cell structure was obtained. In PLLA films, dodecane speeds up phase separation and induces faster crystallization in the films, and the porosity, size of the pores, and interconnectivity increased. When the PLLA solutions were subjected to a heat pretreatment, crystallization could be postponed, which yielded a cellular structure around dodecane, which did not contain spherulites anymore. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 959–971, 2007 相似文献
148.
水性聚氨酯结构与微相分离的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
合成了一系列水性聚氯酯,并用红外光谱、差示扫描量热仪对乳液胶膜进行表征,考察了软段组成、DMPA含量及。(-NCO):n(-OH)比值对产物微相分离的影响。实验结果表明:聚醚型产物的微相分离程度高于聚酯型产物。提高DMPA用量,软段Tg移向低温区,说明体系的做相分离程度加大。随着n(-NCO):n(-OH)比值的增大,软段Tg也移向低温区,软硬段的微相分离程度增大. 相似文献
149.
Johannes C. Jansen Marialuigia Macchione Raniero Mendichi Enrico Drioli 《Polymer》2005,46(25):11366-11379
Asymmetric gas separation membranes were prepared by the dry-casting technique from PEEKWC, a modified amorphous glassy poly(ether ether ketone). The phase inversion process and membrane performance were correlated to the properties of the polymer and the casting solution (molar mass, polymer concentration, solution rheology and thermodynamics). It was found that a broad molar mass distribution of the polymer in the casting solution is most favourable for the formation of a highly selective membrane with a dense skin and a porous sub-layer. Thus, membranes with an effective skin thickness of less than 1 μm were obtained, exhibiting a maximum O2/N2 selectivity of 7.2 and a CO2/CH4 selectivity of 39, both significantly higher than in a corresponding thick dense PEEKWC membrane and also comparable to or higher than that of the most commonly used polymers for gas separation membranes. The CO2 and O2 permeance were up to 9.5×10−3 and 1.8×10−3 m3/(m2 h bar) (3.5 and 0.67 GPU), respectively. 相似文献
150.
Polyurethanes were prepared from toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 1-4-butane diol (BDO) and polycaprolactone-based triols with varying molecular weights. Among each molecular weight triol-based urethane, hard segment content was varied from 20% to 70%. Differential scanning calorimetry, tensile testing, and Iosipescu shear testing were done on all the various urethanes prepared. Thermal characterization data revealed the dependence of phase separation on hard segment content as well as on the triol molecular weight. Tensile data and Iosipescu shear data further confirmed the observations made from the DSC data. The data further indicated that phase separation can greatly improve the modulus of cross-linked segmented urethanes. Adhesion of these urethanes to glass surface was evaluated using soda-lime float glass plate. Urethane samples were cast on the air side of the glass plates and adhesion was measured in shear mode. Adhesion data indicated that in addition to hard segment content, modulus, cross-link density, and molecular weight of the triols, phase separation seems to be a major factor in controlling adhesion. Surfaces of the failed adhesion samples were also analyzed and the failure mode was found to be cohesive, in varying degree, with the different urethane systems. 相似文献