空投水雷安全性建模及仿真分析

为验证空投水雷空中投放的安全性,建立了其空投过程的运动方程和数学模型,并按照开伞之前、开伞以后和意外开伞3种情况进行了仿真分析。结果表明,该种水雷在3种情况下都能确保空投的安全性,后期进行的实投试验证明了模型和仿真分析的正确性。     

电场对竖直微槽润湿及毛细流动特性影响

竖直微槽群毛细结构广泛应用在重力热管、蒸发器等散热设备内,但受重力等因素影响易达到毛细极限。引入电场的主动强化方式来提高竖直微槽的毛细极限,并通过实验和建立数学模型研究电场对竖直微槽内液体润湿及毛细流动特性的影响。结果表明,电场可以提高竖直微槽内液体润湿高度,当电场为5.0 kV时与无电场时相比,润湿高度强化比可达到30.0%。同时,电场作用下流体在微槽道内的毛细润湿流动呈分段效应：润湿流动初期,润湿高度与时间的1/2次方呈线性关系,即h-t^1/2,润湿速率与润湿高度的倒数呈线性关系,即v-1/h;润湿流动中后期,润湿高度与时间的1/3次方呈线性关系,即h-t^1/3,润湿速率与润湿高度平方的倒数呈线性关系,即v-1/h²,且润湿速率随时间呈下降趋势。     

ε-CL-20在二元混合溶剂中晶体形貌的分子动力学模拟

利用分子动力学模拟的方法探究了乙酸乙酯与二溴甲烷组成的二元溶剂在298.15 K,1 atm下对ε-CL-20晶体形貌的影响。通过修正附着能模型(MAE)模型探究了溶剂-晶体相互作用,用分子动力学模拟预测了不同组成的乙酸乙酯/二溴甲烷混合溶剂中ε-CL-20的晶体形貌并与实验获得ε-CL-20的晶体形貌进行了对比。结果表明,实验获得的晶体形貌与模拟结果一致,且晶面粗糙度越大,溶剂-晶体相互作用越强。此外,还通过均方位移(MSD)分析了溶剂分子在不同晶面的扩散系数,探究了溶剂扩散速率对不同晶面的影响,并利用径向分布函数(RDF)分析了溶剂分子与晶体分子间相互作用的组成。     

Pore architectures and oil absorption behavior of porous mullite beads fabricated via dripping-ice templating

Porous mullite beads with a good spherical shape and a uniform size distribution of about 1.2 mm were fabricated by ice-templating in combination with dripping methods. These internal pore structures exhibited a radially oriented laminar channel from the center of the sphere to the surface. With the decreasing of freeze temperature to −196°C, the thickness of pore walls and the width of pore decreased. The mullite grain morphology in the pore wall was also influenced by the frozen temperature. High aspect ratio mullite grain was formed in the pore wall of beads frozen at −25°C, while low aspect ratio mullite whiskers constituted the pore wall of beads frozen at −196°C. In addition, the obtained porous mullite beads exhibited a good oil adsorption performance under capillary force for kerosene, edible oil, and motor oil with adsorption values of 3.37, 4.07, and 4.04 g/g, respectively.     

On the association between poly(vinyl alcohol) and sodium dodecyl sulfate and its effect on liquid–liquid interfacial tension: A mathematical model

Association between poly(vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) copolymer (PVA) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was studied experimentally and theoretically. It was found that, for the ethyl acetate-aqueous phase interface in which PVA was previously adsorbed, the interfacial tension (γ) increases abruptly to a maximum and then exhibits a relatively mild decay with the addition of SDS to the aqueous phase. The theoretical results indicate that vinyl acetate (VAc) segments determine γ. However, for relatively low concentrations of SDS (C_SDS), this latter plays a major role because through its association with the VAc segments it modulates the extent to which PVA is adsorbed at the interface, indirectly determining the value of γ. As C_SDS approaches to the CMC value for SDS, its influence on γ decreases because SDS tends to self-assembly rather than associates with VAc. These model predictions are consistent with experimental findings reported in the literature.     

电磁驱动式无针注射器设计及力学和运动仿真

针对目前广泛使用的机械式和气动式无针注射器存在的不能持久使用和结构笨重等缺点,设计了基于使用直流电电源的电磁驱动无针注射装置,介绍了一种新的设计方案。将电磁式无针注射系统按电磁动力部分和流体部分分别建立数学模型,推导出相应的公式。分别对电磁动力部分及流体部分进行仿真分析,绘制了电流、铁芯相对位置及其所受电磁力大小的关系图,安瓿杆推力与喷射口压力、流体速度的关系图。结果表明：无针注射器的动力部分符合推力的设计要求,安瓿的喷射压力与射流速度达到了刺入人体表层皮肤的要求。     

聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯聚合物锂电隔膜的制备及形貌研究

选择涂敷机刮膜,分别采用两种制膜技术用聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯(PVDFHFP)树脂制备了锂电隔膜,并研究了PVDF-HFP的固含量、制膜温度、制膜方法和溶剂体系对于膜形貌的影响。     

Preparation,properties, and applications of acrylic–polyurethane hybrid emulsions in extinction electrophoresis

Aqueous acrylic–polyurethane hybrid emulsions (PUA) were fabricated by semibatch emulsion copolymerization using a mixture of acrylic (AC) monomers in the presence of an isocyanate terminated polyurethane (PU). The effects of PU content on the morphology of the hybrid emulsions and film properties were here investigated in detail using FT‐IR, UV, TEM, and SEM. TEM images clearly showed that hybrid emulsions exhibited a core‐shell structure before neutralization. However, after neutralization with N,N‐dimethylethanolamine, the typical particles exhibited phase inversion, producing particles with irregular hemispheres shapes and diameters about 0.5 μm. SEM images showed that the film surface became rougher as PU content increased, peaking at 10 wt %, the gloss of this film was 23.1 (60°). The UV transmittance spectra of the PUA hybrid emulsion within a wavelength range 700–200 nm decreased as PU content increased. This was consistent with the changes in the surface roughness of the film. Electrophoresis took place on an aluminum alloy surface and the product was dried at 120°C. The film exhibited excellent mechanical performance due to curing reaction between the N?C?O group on PU and hydroxyl group on the AC copolymer. The gloss of the film was found to be as low as 4.0 after electrophoresis testing. These films may be useful in practical extinction electrophoresis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40078.     

Analyses of structurally modified quasi‐solid‐state electrolytes using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for dye‐sensitized solar cells

Electrochemical properties of structurally modified quasi‐solid‐state electrolytes were examined using porous substrates (PSs). The PS was prepared into two categories by a phase inversion method with a brominated poly(phenylene oxide) (BPPO): the sponge and finger types. Effects of the humidification and cosolvent compositions on the morphology of the PS were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. In all cases of the PSs, a higher V_OC was observed of about 0.1 V than that of a liquid electrolyte owing to a suppressed back electron charge transfer. In addition, the PS prepared by the polymer solution of 1 : 4 : 1 (BPPO : N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone : butyl alcohol) with the humidification process showed better photovoltaic properties in terms of the current density and conversion efficiency owing to the appropriate combinations of pore size, tortuosity, and interconnectivity. Effects of the pore structures were intensively examined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The impedance results revealed that large pores at the surface layers are advantageous for a lower R_S and R_TiO2. Meanwhile, the straight inner structure is beneficial for the facile I^?/I₃^? diffusion, thus lowering R_Pt. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39739.     

Structural,viscoelastic, and vulcanization study of sponge ethylene–propylene–diene monomer composites with various carbon black loadings

In this article, we report the effect of various carbon nanoparticle concentrations on the structural, curing, tan δ, viscosity variation during vulcanization, thermal, and mechanical characteristics of ethylene–propylene–diene monomer polymer sponge composites. The purpose of this study was to develop high‐strength, foamy‐structure polymer composites with an optimum filler to matrix ratio for advanced engineering applications. We observed that the structural, vulcanization, viscoelastic, and mechanical properties of the fabricated composites were efficiently influenced with the progressive addition of carbon content in the rubber matrix. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39423.