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91.
The mechanism of “475°C embrittlement” of a duplex stainless steel was investigated using finite element modelling of the stress distribution at brittle fracture initiation. Brittle fracture initiated at a critical shear stress, which increased with ferrite hardness. The fracture stress was affected by the duplex microstructure. Fracture was nucleated by deformation twins, which were identified using electron back-scatter diffraction. The ductile-to-brittle fracture transition was sensitive to age-hardening and could be described simply by the effect of age-hardening and test temperature on the yield stress. 相似文献
92.
K. Y. Sze W. K. Chan T. H. H. Pian 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2002,55(7):853-878
This paper presents eight‐node solid‐shell elements for geometric non‐linear analysis of elastic shells. To subdue shear, trapezoidal and thickness locking, the assumed natural strain method and an ad hoc modified generalized laminate stiffness matrix are employed. A selectively reduced integrated element is formulated with its membrane and bending shear strain components taken to be constant and equal to the ones evaluated at the element centroid. With the generalized stresses arising from the modified generalized laminate stiffness matrix assumed to be independent from the ones obtained from the displacement, an extended Hellinger–Reissner functional can be derived. By choosing the assumed generalized stresses similar to the assumed stresses of a previous solid element, a hybrid‐stress solid‐shell element is formulated. Commonly employed geometric non‐linear homogeneous and laminated shell problems are attempted and our results are close to those of other state‐of‐the‐art elements. Moreover, the hybrid‐stress element converges more readily than the selectively reduced integrated element in all benchmark problems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
93.
K. P. Balan 《Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention》2002,2(3):71-74
Wire ropes, pulleys, counterweights, and connecting systems are used for auto tensioning of contact wires of electric railways.
A wire rope in one such auto tensioning system suffered premature failure. Failure investigation revealed fatigue cracks initiating
at nonmetallic inclusions near the surface of individual wire strands in the rope. The inclusions were identified as Al-Ca-Ti
silicates in a large number of stringers, and some oxide and nitride inclusions were also found. The wire used in the rope
did not conform to the composition specified for AISI 316 grade steel, nor did it satisfy the minimum tensile strength requirements.
Failure of the wire rope was found to be due to fatigue; however, the ultimate fracture of the rope was the result of overload
that occurred after fatigue failure had reduced the number of wire strands supporting the load. 相似文献
94.
广州中城广场工程结构形式复杂,平面曲折多角。施工中在应用多种模板体系、泵送混凝土、无粘结预应力楼板及核心筒部分小平台滑模等方面,采用了多项新技术,保证了工程质量,加快了工程进度。 相似文献
95.
河口水流、波浪、潮流、泥沙、河床变形二维数学模型 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
根据河口“波浪掀沙,潮流输沙”的泥沙运动机制,引入“波浪幅射应力”反应波浪对水体和泥沙的驱动力.考虑波浪对底部泥沙作用力、波浪对水流挟沙能力的影响及风场对水流和泥沙运动的影响.同时考虑泥沙粒径大小、水体含盐度、含沙量及水流紊动程度等因素对絮凝沉速的影响.用ADI算法求解沿水深平均方程,破开算子法解悬移质不平衡输沙方程及河床变形方程,引入通度概念处理岸滩不规则边界,建立河口水流、波浪、潮流、泥沙、河床变形二维数学模型.通过实测资料及卫星摇感图像对所建数学模型进行检验,表明它可以较好地预测河口泥沙的运动 相似文献
96.
The bond strength and slip of epoxy-coated reinforcing bars in concrete have been evaluated by carrying out single pullout and double pullout tests. In extended single pullout tests, slip measurements were made while tensile force was applied to reinforcing bars embedded in concrete. In double pullout tests, 20 cycles of load were applied at levels of steel stress between zero and 0·5 times characteristic steel strength. Strains were measured by electrical resistance strain gauges glued inside the bars. Both epoxy-coated and uncoated bars were used in the investigation, to obtain comparative results. The strain gradient along the bar was found to be less for the coated reinforcement. In general, the epoxy coating was found to increase slip in bond and thereby reduce the bond performance of coated bars. 相似文献
97.
98.
在连铸生产铝镇静钢时,水口絮流一直是困扰工程技术人员的一个难题.从絮流的原因入手,分析了Al2O3生成的控制.并介绍了几种钢水钙化的方法,从中比较出用复合造渣材料来解决浇铸铝镇静钢的优点. 相似文献
99.
介绍了高上山成型法的工艺特点及理论上的可行性和实践中的可靠性,此方法能有效地解决薄钢带波浪状边缘的焊接方面存在的问题。 相似文献
100.