New correlations for estimation of monthly average daily solar radiation on a horizontal surface using meteorological data

This study deals with the estimation of monthly average daily global solar radiation incident on a horizontal surface at a location using meteorological data for different cities of Andhra Pradesh state. The regression equations of two types of models are developed for various locations of the state having varied climatic regions using measured meteorological parameters obtained from different measuring stations. Parameters such as the latitude and height of the location, maximum and minimum temperature and relative humidity are considered to develop linear and quadratic regression equations to estimate the monthly average daily global radiation. The estimated values are compared with measured data and with other theoretical models in terms of mean percent errors calculated using recognised statistical criteria of MBE, MABE, MPE and RMSE. The proposed quadratic model performs better than the proposed linear models and shows good agreement with the long-term pyranometer data of various locations with a deviation of less than 10%. In comparison with other theoretical models presented so far, the suggested models are expected to perform with a higher degree of accuracy.     

公园绿地不同景观空间PM2.5分布特征及其影响因素研究

研究选取城市公园中6个由不同景观要素构成的空间,通过监测不同空间内PM2.5浓度、空气温度、相对湿度及风速风向,分析不同空间景观要素组成与PM2.5浓度之间的关系,探讨不同空间气象因子变化与PM2.5浓度的相关性。研究结论如下,1）不同景观要素构成的空间中PM2.5浓度存在显著差异（P< 0.05）。2）PM2.5浓度与绿量（D）呈显著负相关（R=－0.966）, 当113.57 m2相似文献   

煤电煤化工气象适宜度及其应用研究

通过对准东经济技术开发区内煤电煤化工生产企业的调研,得到当地气象条件对露天煤炭开采、火力发电、电解铝、煤化工生产影响的气象敏感要素数据;采用查阅文献和专家座谈等方法,确定影响煤电煤化工生产的气象敏感要素临界值;结合准东地区的气候特征、煤电煤化工生产实际,根据天气预报数据、利用适宜程度判别模型,完成煤电煤化工活动适宜气象等级预报的制作。研究结果表明:降水、大风、夏季高温、冬季低温、雷电、沙尘和雾为影响煤电煤化工生产的主要气象敏感要素;建议根据不同地区、不同煤化工生产活动的实际情况来制定气象适宜度判别指标。     

浅析需求导向下如何提升湾沚区水旱灾害防御信息化水平

湾沚区水旱灾害频发,严重影响地区社会经济发展和危及人民生命财产安全。水旱灾害防御信息化系统是防汛抗旱的重要手段,为防汛抗旱的决策和调度提供技术支撑。本文对湾沚区水旱灾害防御信息化建设背景、需求和现状进行梳理和分析。以功能需求和性能需求为导向,针对湾沚区信息化建设存在的不足,提出监测体系、预警平台、终端服务、运维机制等方面的措施建议,为水旱灾害防御信息化建设提供思路与借鉴。     

Differential Physio-Biochemical and Metabolic Responses of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Multiple Abiotic Stress Conditions

The frequency and severity of extreme climatic conditions such as drought, salinity, cold, and heat are increasing due to climate change. Moreover, in the field, plants are affected by multiple abiotic stresses simultaneously or sequentially. Thus, it is imperative to compare the effects of stress combinations on crop plants relative to individual stresses. This study investigated the differential regulation of physio-biochemical and metabolomics parameters in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under individual (salt, drought, cold, and heat) and combined stress treatments using multivariate correlation analysis. The results showed that combined heat, salt, and drought stress compounds the stress effect of individual stresses. Combined stresses that included heat had the highest electrolyte leakage and lowest relative water content. Lipid peroxidation and chlorophyll contents did not significantly change under combined stresses. Biochemical parameters, such as free amino acids, polyphenol, starch, and sugars, significantly changed under combined stresses compared to individual stresses. Free amino acids increased under combined stresses that included heat; starch, sugars, and polyphenols increased under combined stresses that included drought; proline concentration increased under combined stresses that included salt. Metabolomics data that were obtained under different individual and combined stresses can be used to identify molecular phenotypes that are involved in the acclimation response of plants under changing abiotic stress conditions. Peanut metabolomics identified 160 metabolites, including amino acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, organic acids, fatty acids, sugar acids, and other organic compounds. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that abiotic stresses significantly affected amino acid, amino sugar, and sugar metabolism. The stress treatments affected the metabolites that were associated with the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and urea cycles and associated amino acid biosynthesis pathway intermediates. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and heatmap analysis identified potential marker metabolites (pinitol, malic acid, and xylopyranose) that were associated with abiotic stress combinations, which could be used in breeding efforts to develop peanut cultivars that are resilient to climate change. The study will also facilitate researchers to explore different stress indicators to identify resistant cultivars for future crop improvement programs.     

Candidate Genes and Pathways in Rice Co-Responding to Drought and Salt Identified by gcHap Network

Drought and salinity stresses are significant abiotic factors that limit rice yield. Exploring the co-response mechanism to drought and salt stress will be conducive to future rice breeding. A total of 1748 drought and salt co-responsive genes were screened, most of which are enriched in plant hormone signal transduction, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and the MAPK signaling pathways. We performed gene-coding sequence haplotype (gcHap) network analysis on nine important genes out of the total amount, which showed significant differences between the Xian/indica and Geng/japonica population. These genes were combined with related pathways, resulting in an interesting mechanistic draft called the ‘gcHap-network pathway’. Meanwhile, we collected a lot of drought and salt breeding varieties, especially the introgression lines (ILs) with HHZ as the parent, which contained the above-mentioned nine genes. This might imply that these ILs have the potential to improve the tolerance to drought and salt. In this paper, we focus on the relationship of drought and salt co-response gene gcHaps and their related pathways using a novel angle. The haplotype network will be helpful to explore the desired haplotypes that can be implemented in haplotype-based breeding programs.     

气候变化背景下鄂西烟草种植气象风险评价与区划

为了确定湖北西部植烟区的气象灾害风险程度,根据灾害学系统理论,从致灾因子、孕灾环境、承灾体和防灾减灾能力4个子系统出发,综合考虑气候条件、地理地形、社会经济状况等多个因素,利用GIS平台对鄂西烟草种植气象灾害风险进行评价与区划。结果表明,鄂西北地区气象灾害危险性东高西低,南北向无明显规律,而鄂西南地区是南高北低;鄂西南巴东和恩施烟草易损性较小,而鄂西北的枣阳和丹江口市易损性较大;鄂西南北部地区的气象风险低于南部地区,而鄂西北南部地区气象风险较小,东部气象风险最大;神农架局部地区和鹤峰、丹江口市东部等地的气象风险最严重。总体而言,鄂西地区适宜种植烟草,尽管存在风险,但是大部分地区风险等级在中等及中等以下,这对指导当地合理规划烟草种植和生产具有重要意义。     

长江流域上游干旱特征分析

为分析长江流域上游干旱特征,利用1961年1月至2012年12月长江上游共69个气象站的气象数据资料,以帕尔默干旱指数(PDSI)为主要指标对长江上游流域的干旱强度、干旱持续时间、干旱频率等干旱特征进行比较分析。结果表明,长江上游区域PDSI的月际变化较大,旱涝期交替出现,同时年代干旱最强值呈现先减弱后增强的趋势,并在2006年达到干旱强度最强值;干旱持续时间较长的干旱事件主要发生在1960、1970年代,平均干旱持续月数为4.2个月;上游干旱频率主要以初始干旱为主,其中年际干旱集中在1960年代末期至1970年代初期和2000年代后期两个阶段,季节干旱主要发生在冬季。研究成果可为长江流域上游的干旱治理提供参考。