南昌市暴雨积涝仿真系统研究

在南昌市排水管网信息的基础上,研制了城市积涝的仿真模型。模型以平面二维非恒定流的基本方程和无结构不规划网格划分技术为骨架,结合一维非恒定流方程的算法,建立了南昌市城市内涝仿真模拟系统。以2003年6月一次特大暴雨过程的模拟,取得较好效果,模拟的积水网格中,误差基本在20cm以内,预报结果能满足市政排水部门的要求。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF EVOLUTION OF POTENTIAL EVAPORATION IN TIANJIN REGION OF CHINA

The characteristics of seasonal and annual changes of potential evaporation, the variations of thermal and dynamical evaporation in different seasons and the relationships between potential evaporation and meteorological elements were analyzed according to the observed data of 9 stations from 1961 to 2001 in the Tianjin region of China. Analyses indicate that thermal evaporation is the main part of the potential evaporation and offers about 90%o fraction of to it in summer, while in winter the dynamical evaporation is greater than the thermal one, especially in Jan. , offering 100% contribution, that the influence of temperature on the change of potential evaporation was much larger than that of wind, vapor pressure and sunshine duration, and potential evaporation increased by 30. 33mm with temperature raise 1℃, and that potential evaporation had a surprising increasing tendency, in particular during the recent decade, with the velocity of 4. 22mm/a. The potential evaporation in the Tianjin region will be higher than the past, especially on the global warming background, so that it has the great effects not only on the climatic forcing changes, but also on development of city and economy.     

高压、超高压和特高压输变电工程防洪标准刍议

从标准条文间的协调性、工程设计气象重现期和结构使用年限等因素出发,对高压、超高压和特高压输变电工程的防洪标准进行了审视与梳理。建议高压、超高压变电工程的防洪重现期分别取50年和100年,特高压变电工程防洪重现期取100年及以上;各电压等级大跨越工程防洪标准应与相应等级的变电工程相同;高压、超高压以及特高压一般线路工程的防洪标准可适当降低,建议重现期分别取30年、50年和100年。     

基于虚拟演播室的军事气象水文教育节目情境创设研究

文章介绍了基于虚拟演播室的军事气象水文类教育电视节目的制作,分析了虚拟演播室环境下的情境特征,探索与凝练了情境创设应遵循的五大原则,即针对性、真实性、交互性、引导性和美观性。结合实际录制的案例对虚拟演播室平台下的军事气象水文情境创设实践进行了有益探索,为更好地使用该平台进行军事气象水文类节目的制作提供有力支撑。     

云中水滴——2010上海世博会世界气象组织馆设计

文章介绍2010年上海世博会世界气象组织馆——＂云中水滴＂特殊的功能、特殊的性质、特别的建筑、特别的材料及特别的处理思路。     

基于B／S架构的民航气象信息综合服务系统

随着民用航空产业的飞速发展,对民航气象信息服务的多样性、实时性和准确性提出了更高要求.在参考目前国际主要气象行业软件的基础上,本文面向我国民航气象领域应用的需求,讨论了"民航气象信息综合服务系统"的设计和实现.该系统采用B/S结构,以气象信息的矢量图形化为基础,可以解析、显示来自民航气象中心以及国外数据交换中的各类气象数据,此外本系统具有良好的图形化人机界面、可以显示输出各类图形图像信息以满足民用航空业对气象信息的需求.该系统目前已经在民航华东空管局气象中心投入运行.     

Modification of the Baltic Sea wind field by land‐sea interaction

The wind and turbulence fields over a small, high‐latitude sea are investigated. These fields are highly influenced by the proximity to the coast, which is never more than 200 km away. Simulations with the WRF model over the Baltic Sea are compared with a simplified, stationary wind model driven by the synoptic forcing. The difference between the models is therefore representative of the mesoscale influence. The results show that the largest wind‐field modifications compared with a neutral atmosphere occur during spring and summer, with a mean monthly increase of up to approximately 1 ms^?1 at typical hub heights and upper rotor area (120‐170 m height) in the WRF model. The main reason for this is large‐scale low‐level jets caused by the land‐sea temperature differences, likely increasing in strength due to inertial oscillations. These kind of events can be persistent for approximately 12 hours and cover almost the entire basin, causing wind speed and wind shear to increase considerably. The strongest effect is around 2000 to 2300 local time. Sea breezes and coastal low‐level jets are of less importance, but while sea breezes are mostly detected near the coastline, other types of coastal jets can extend large distances off the coast. During autumn and winter, there are fewer low‐level jet occurrences, but the wind profile cannot be explained by the classical theory of the one‐dimensional model. This indicates that the coastal environment is complex and may be affected by advection from land surfaces to a large degree even when unstable conditions dominate.     

江西省决策气象服务系统研究

在分析系统研究重要性和迫切性的基础上 ,详细介绍了江西省计算机决策气象服务系统 (CSMSPD)的设计思路、主要功能和结构以及主要模块的研制情况。文中重点介绍的模块包括 :周年服务方案、水利农情信息、历史资料查询、图形图表自动分析生成、灾害警示等     

基于滑动Copula函数的金沟河流域径流-气温关系变异诊断

为探究变化环境下金沟河流域径流和气象因素的关系变异情况,根据八家户水文站1964—2016年的水文气象数据,采用极点对称模态分解(ESMD)方法、Spearman相关分析和滑动Copula函数对流域内水文气象要素进行了分析。结果表明:金沟河流域的径流序列整体上呈微弱的减小趋势,降水和气温序列呈增加趋势,ESMD趋势项反映出金沟河流域的径流、降水和气温序列均呈非线性趋势变化;降水和气温序列的突变时间分别为1983年和1997年,径流序列的突变时间为2002年和2015年;滑动Copula函数不同窗口下的相关系数显示径流-气温关系变异时间为1997年,联合序列的最佳Copula函数由1964—1997年阶段的Gauss-Copula函数变异为1998—2016年阶段的Gumbel-Copula函数。气候变化和人类活动是造成金沟河流域径流-气温关系变异的主要原因。研究结果有助于了解金沟河流域内水文气象要素的变化特征及径流气象要素的关系变异时间,可为流域内的其他水文计算提供参考依据。     

旱情评估指标研究简介及探讨

干旱灾害是我国发生最为频繁、影响范围较大,并造成严重危害的一种气象灾害。由于干旱自身的复杂性及对社会影响的广泛性,干旱指标的确定和分析对干旱的监测及评估有重要的意义,同时也为全球变化中的气候一植被关系研究提供方法和依据。将干旱指标从气象、水文、农业和社会经济4方面进行综述,介绍了国内外干旱指标研究现状及最新动态,并指出其优势和不足,以此提出今后干旱指标研究重点与展望。