A model-driven process for the modernization of component-based systems

Software modernization is critical for organizations that need cost-effective solutions to deal with the rapid obsolescence of software and the increasing demand for new functionality. This paper presents the XIRUP modernization methodology, which proposes a highly iterative process, structured into four phases: preliminary evaluation, understanding, building and migration. This modernization process is feature-driven, component-based, focused on the early elicitation of key information, and relies on a model-driven approach with extensive use of experience from the previous projects. XIRUP has been defined in the European IST project MOMOCS, which has also built a suite of support tools. This paper introduces the process using a case study that illustrates its activities, related tools and results. The discussion highlights the specific characteristics of modernization projects and how a customized methodology can take advantage of them.     

响应面法优化核桃ACE抑制肽的制备工艺研究

以核桃分离蛋白为原料,用Neutrase 0.8L酶解制备高活性的ACE抑制肽.采用反相高效液相色谱（RP-HPLC）法测定酶解多肽的ACE抑制率,同时以水解度和ACE抑制率为考查指标,通过单因素试验及响应面试验设计,优化了中性蛋白酶（Neutrase 0.8L）酶解核桃分离蛋白的酶解工艺.结果表明：各因素对水解度的影响顺序为pH〉温度〉E/S,对ACE抑制率的影响顺序为pH〉E/S〉温度;最佳酶解工艺条件为：pH 6.81、温度55℃、时间2h、底物质量浓度2%、酶与底物比3.43%,酶解产物的水解度达到8.52%,ACE抑制率达到67.94%.     

RSM在PVC复合热稳定体系中的应用

研究了响应面法在聚氯乙烯（PVC）热稳定剂配方研究中的使用价值．依据Box-Benhnken的中心组合实验设计原理,设计了响应面分析中的3因素3水平分析表及热稳定实验方案．使用SAS软件对实验数据进行了处理,得到了硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸钡之间相互作用对热稳定时间影响的响应面曲面图．分析图表可知,硬脂酸锌对热稳定时间产生了负作用,硬脂酸锌和硬脂酸钙之间及硬脂酸锌与硬脂酸钡之间产生了交互作用．     

羟基喜树碱自乳化传递系统的处方筛选和体外评价

筛选和制备羟基喜树碱自乳化传递系统的处方并进行体外评价.以平衡质量浓度方法考察了羟基喜树碱在不同的油相、乳化剂和助乳化剂中的质量浓度,通过三元相图辅助筛选处方的组成,采用星点设计-效应面法优化处方中各组分的比例,筛选和制备了羟基喜树碱自乳化传递系统.考察自乳化制剂的粒径、累积溶出度、自乳化速率、微乳形态及其初步稳定性等.筛选出由m(氢化玉米油)(t) m(辛酸癸酸甘油酯)=1∶1为混合油相,m(聚氧乙烯蓖麻油)(t)m(辛酸葵酸聚乙二醇甘油酯)=2∶1为混合乳化剂,二乙烯基乙二醇单乙醚为助乳化剂和羟基喜树碱组成的自乳化传递系统.所得的优化处方可自发形成均匀球状液滴,微乳平均粒径在30 nm左右且分布窄,自乳化速率在5 min以内,溶出度在60 min内达到90％以上,而且制剂稳定性良好.通过处方研究确定了最优处方,研制了羟基喜树碱自乳化传递系统.     

Book Review

Six unilateral above-knee amputees using prostheses with quadrilateral sockets of the ischial-bearing typo, who were otherwise able-bodied persons, were evaluated economically by subjecting them to the physical exercise of walking on level ground with graded loads by shoulder pack or rucksack method

During tests, the energy expenditure, oxygen consumption, pulmonary ventilation and peak heart rate were measured for each subject. Performances of the teat group subjects were compared with those of a control group comprising six normal, healthy, adult males of sedentary habits

Results showed a consistently high rise in all the physiological parameters for the test group even when walking without loads and with graded loads as compared to the corresponding values from control subjects. In other words the tasks undertaken by the test group subjects appeared to be heavy according to the existing norms of heaviness of work. Thus the tasks which may be ‘ light ‘ for normal individuals may become ‘ heavy ’ or ‘ very heavy ’ for the above-knee amputees and encroach greatly on their physiological reserves

This study has shown that evaluative tests combining both static and dynamic muscular work in addition to the usual leg work involved in a routine lower extremity activity, render diminutive effects to personal factors contributing variability in the performance of above-knee amputees fitted with prostheses. From this point of view the present study and the mode of tasting have proved to be an improvement over the methods employed by Ganguli et al. (1974), thus setting up norms for above-knee rehabilitee performance.     

Optimal design of butterfly-shaped linear ultrasonic motor using finite element method and response surface methodology

A new method for optimizing a butterfly-shaped linear ultrasonic motor was proposed to maximize its mechanical output. The finite element analysis technology and response surface methodology were combined together to realize the optimal design of the butterfly-shaped linear ultrasonic motor. First, the operation principle of the motor was introduced. Second, the finite element parameterized model of the stator of the motor was built using ANSYS parametric design language and some structure parameters of the stator were selected as design variables. Third, the sample points were selected in design variable space using latin hypercube Design. Through modal analysis and harmonic response analysis of the stator based on these sample points, the target responses were obtained. These sample points and response values were combined together to build a response surface model. Finally, the simplex method was used to find the optimal solution. The experimental results showed that many aspects of the design requirements of the butterfly-shaped linear ultrasonic motor have been fulfilled. The prototype motor fabricated based on the optimal design result exhibited considerably high dynamic performance, such as no-load speed of 873 mm/s, maximal thrust of 27.5 N, maximal efficiency of 43%, and thrust-weight ratio of 45.8.     

响应面法优化油茶粕中茶皂素提取工艺

采用单因素实验结合响应面法,优化了从油茶粕中提取茶皂素的工艺参数。单因素实验最佳条件：乙醇体积分数为70%、提取时间为3 h、提取温度为70℃、料液比为1∶4。在单因素的基础上,选取乙醇体积分数、提取时间、料液比为影响因子,以茶皂素提取得率作为响应值,进行3因素3水平响应面分析。结果表明：茶皂素最佳提取条件是乙醇体积分数为72%、提取时间为3.8 h、提取温度为70℃、料液比为1∶4.5,提取得率预测值为14.54%,验证实测值为14.22%,与预测值相对误差为2.20%。     

响应面法优化超声波提取迎春花总黄酮工艺的研究

首次研究利用响应面法优化迎春花总黄酮的提取工艺,在单因素试验基础上,利用中心组合设计响应面试验,考察了超声波提取温度、液料比、提取时间对总黄酮提取率的影响,并建立回归模型.优化后的工艺参数为:提取温度55℃,液料比50 1 mL/g,超声时间25 min,在此条件下总黄酮提取率为16.03%.与传统溶剂浸提法相比,提取时间大大缩短且节约了能耗.     

A modern and robust methodology for modeling anisotropic creep characteristics of Ni-based DS and SC superalloys

According to more recent work,the Wilshire equations have shown good prediction accuracy in a wide range of materials and stress-temperature conditions,particularly in extrapolation of short term results to long term predictions.In the current paper,this methodology was further developed for modeling anisotropic creep characteristics(i.e.minimum creep strain εmin ,stress rupture life tf and time to a specified strain tε)of four typical Ni-based directionally solidified(DS)and single crystal(SC)superalloys,where a simple orientation factor related to the ultimate tensile strength(UTS)was introduced.The application of these simplistic approaches showed that the anisotropic creep characteristics in a wide range of stress-temperature conditions can be accurately simulated.Meanwhile,during the application of the modified Wilshire equations,break points occurring at the specified stress levels agree well with the transition of creep deformation mechanisms occurring in different stress regions,which provides confidence for using this method.