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41.
42.
Transformations of residual fertilizer P in a semi-arid tropical soil under eight-year peanut-wheat rotation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Long-term transformations of residual phosphorus (P) governs the availability of phosphorus to crops. Very limited information is available on the transformations of residual fertilizer P in semi-arid tropical soils under long-term crop rotations. Therefore, using sequential phosphorus fractionation procedure, we studied changes in labile and stable forms of inorganic and organic P in a semi-arid alluvial soil (Typic Ustisamments) after eight years of annual fertilizer P application either to one crop (alternate) or to both crops (cumulative) in a peanut (Arachis hypogaea) — wheat (Triticum aestivum) rotation.Total residual fertilizer P in soil (P recovered from P-fertilized minus control plots) ranged from 62 to 176 mg P kg–1. In the alternate P treatments (P applied to peanut or wheat only), on an average of 3 rates of applied P (13, 26 and 39 kg P ha–1), in surface (0–15 cm) and subsurface (15 to 30 cm) soil, respectively, residual fertilizer P consisted of 14.8 and 2.2% resin-P, 8.6 and 2.8% NaHCO3-P, 6.3 and 0% microbial-P, 31.4 and 4.2% NaOH-P, 7.8 and 3.0% aggregate protected-P, 12.5 and 3.0% HCl-P, 3.4 and 0% H2SO4-P. The corresponding values for surface and subsurface soils of cumulative P treatments (P applied to both peanut and wheat) were: 12.8 and 1.6% resin-P, 6.9 and 2.3% NaHCO3-P, 4.7 and 0% microbial-P, 32.5 and 4.2% NaOH-P, 5.6 and 2.0% aggregate protected-P, 14.8 and 3.8% HCl-P, 6.7 and 2.1% H2SO4-P. Considerable lower values for the 15–30 cm depth indicate only a very small movement of residual P to the subsoil.Significantly lower amount of fertilizer P (28% and 44%) found in labile (resin, NaHCO3 and microbial P) and semi-labile (NaOH and sonicated NaOH P) fractions for the cumulative P treatment than alternate P treatment (35 and 46%, respectively) suggests that increased rates and frequency of applied P tend to enhance the conversion of residual P to stable forms which are less available to plants. About 12 to 19% of residual fertilizer P found as organic P in labile and semi-labile forms confirmed that organic P increased with long-term fertilizer management. In conclusion, the results of our study suggest that the alternate application of fertilizer P to a crop, as is shown for wheat, helps reduce the transformations of residual P to stable P forms. 相似文献
43.
Different particulate solids such as glass powder, various types of activated carbon and bentonite suspended in Thiobacillus ferrooxidans cultures produce very different effects on the oxidizing activity of the microorganism. The atmospheric oxygen uptake by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans in Warburg respirometer flasks containing 9K medium with ferrous sulfate as energy source and suspended bentonite is 2.8 times that in the absence of solids. The dissolution rate of pure pyrite in 250 cm3 shake flasks containing 9K medium and bentonite is considerably enhanced over that where the only solid phase is pyrite. Conversely, the oxidizing ability of the microorganism seems to be inhibited by all the activated carbons tested. The effect of ground glass seems to be related to its particle size distribution. Implications for the bioleaching of sulfide ores and coal pyrite are discussed in the light of current knowledge on the adsorption of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans cells on solid surfaces. 相似文献
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Henry?S.?Lam Andrew?ProctorEmail author 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2003,80(6):563-567
The changes in milled rice FFA content and composition and in conjugated diene (CD) content and bacterial, yeast, and mold
counts were determined at 24, 37, and 50°C and 70% RH over 50 d. There was a rapid rate of FFA formation during the first
few days of storage, which was optimal at 37°C, but that slowed after 2, 4, and 5 d at 37, 24, and 50°C, respectively. There
was a second increase in FFA after about day 12 that increased with increasing temperature, indicating nonlipase hydrolysis.
Linoleic and oleic acids were the main components of the total FFA produced on the surface of milled rice. The pattern of
CD development followed that of FFA increase. Bacterial growth correlated with increased FFA levels after 12 d of storage,
suggesting that bacterial lipase rather than bran lipase may be responsible for rice lipid hydrolysis 相似文献
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序批式生物膜反应器(sequencing biofilm batch reactor, SBBR)是应用广泛的污水处理方法。为探究不同时期排泥对SBBR污染物去除效果与微生物群落结构的影响,本研究设置了挂膜初期、中期和后期进行排泥的反应器处理生活污水,同时结合16S rDNA高通量测序技术对微生物群落结构进行分析,并采用机器学习(machine learning, ML)的方法,在传统的微生物优势种分析基础上,对测序数据进行深度挖掘,寻找造成组间差异的关键物种。水质测定结果显示,COD去除效果在不同时期排泥的SBBR间没有明显差异,出水COD均低于30mg/L。挂膜中期排泥的SBBR的NH3-N去除率先达到稳定且高于前期和后期排泥的系统。高通量测序结果显示,各SBBR中微生物优势种均以降解有机物的物种为主。挂膜中期排泥的SBBR中,ML筛选得到的NH3-N去除相关物种(Hydrogenophaga、Gemmata和Nitrospira)与差异关键物种丰度更高,微生物群落结构稳定性更强,可从微生物层面解释分析SBBR污染物去除效果的差异。 相似文献
49.
微生物聚酯的合成和应用研究进展 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11
微生物聚酯是由发酵技术生产、具有生物降解性的热塑性高分子材料。本文介绍了3-羟基丁酯均聚物(PHB)和共聚物的基本结构、生物降解性能、生物合成及其应用研究的进展。 相似文献
50.
Adsorption and flocculation behavior of two series of synthetic polycations was investigated in dispersions of silica and polystyrene latices with various particle size and surface charge densities. Polycations of the first series (polydiallyldimethyl ammonium chloride‐PDADMAC) varied in molecular weight only, while polycations of the second series (derivatives of polymethacrylic acid) varied in both molecular weight and hydrophobicity. We have found that maximum adsorbed amount of high molecular weight PDADMAC on latex particles was nearly independent of the surface charge density when the particle size was comparable to the polymer coil dimensions in solution. Both low and high molecular weight PDADMACs were efficient flocculants, although significantly lower amounts of high molecular weight polyelectrolyte were required for the phase separation in the dispersions due to particles aggregation through “charge patch” mechanism. The increase of polymer hydrophobicity leads to higher adsorbed amounts and broadening of flocculation window by polycations of the second series on both substrates. However, no strong enhancement of segment–surface interactions on hydrophobic substrates was observed. Since formation of multilayers upon adsorption was also excluded, the difference in adsorption and flocculation behavior was related to the more compact conformation of hydrophobically associating derivatives in solution and at the interface. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 3422–3429, 2006 相似文献