深厚淤泥中双排钢板桩结构安全稳定性研究

针对滨海地区深厚淤泥地基中双排钢板桩围堰结构受力复杂的问题,基于土力学理论,分别从运行工况下的抗剪切变形稳定、底部抗隆稳定、整体抗滑移稳定、抗倾覆稳定以及整体滑动稳定等方面进行分析,给出了安全稳定计算公式,同时通过数学理论推导计算,给出了钢板桩最小入土深度计算公式。以浙江省某大型围垦工程水闸的双排钢板桩围堰工程为例,依据该计算公式,得出最小入土深度建议值为17.01 m,与工程实际设计值18.50 m基本一致;同时利用有限元计算软件,对该工程中双排钢板桩围堰结构进行数值模拟计算分析,并将模拟结果与钢板桩实际水平变位监测资料进行对比分析,认为该双排钢板桩围堰结构设计安全可靠,可为相关工程应用提供参考。     

软土地区旧桩拔除技术和新建桩基础调整方案及施工措施

结合天津南开区某地块定向经济适用房项目,介绍其在基础施工中遇到旧预制方桩时,采用全套管高压喷气、射水振动沉管施工工艺清孔拔桩,并对该工艺进行分析得出:该拔桩施工工艺适用于软土地区旧桩拔除项目;并针对旧桩孔无法回填压实、部分新建桩基础与拔除旧桩孔距离较近等原因导致钻孔倾斜、串孔等问题,提出远离旧桩位置或调整至旧桩桩心位置等方法调整桩位,并采用加大桩径、增设承台等调整方案承担因调整桩位而产生的上部偏心荷载;采用拌和白灰、分层压实、回填静置等措施提高回填土的密实度,采用保证垂直度和调节泥浆配合比等措施,以改善不良施工条件,得出适当增加混凝土充盈系数保证成桩质量等施工经验,为后续类似工程提供借鉴。     

水平旋喷桩加固技术在隧道细砂层中的应用

国内隧道施工技术向“长、大、深”趋势发展,伴随而来的是开挖中遇到各类复杂不良地质,如何既保证施工安全又保证开挖质量,是隧道施工穿越不良地质研究改进的重点。文章结合浩吉铁路王家湾隧道细砂层段落开挖施工,运用水平旋喷技术对软弱不良地层进行加固,形成壳状止水固结体,提高了围岩稳定性,有效解决了隧道开挖过程中涌砂、涌水等问题,保证了施工安全,为类似不良地质隧道施工提供了借鉴经验,具有明显的经济效益和一定的推广价值。     

Control of floor heaves with steel pile in gob-side entry retaining

A new approach named as steel pile method is innovatively proposed in this study to control severe floor heaves in gob-side entry retaining. It is required that the steel piles be installed in the floor corners with a certain interval before the influence of the dynamic pressure induced by current panel extraction. Using numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, this study investigated the interaction between the steel piles and the floor rocks during the service life of the steel piles, and revealed the mechanism of the steel piles in controlling floor heaves. The effect of the steel pile parameters on the control of floor heaves was presented and elaborated. It is found that the effectiveness of the steel piles in controlling floor heaves can be enhanced with greater installed dip angle, longer length and smaller interval of the steel piles.Compared with traditional methods, e.g., using floor anchor bolts and floor restoration, the advantages using steel pile were successfully defined in terms of controlling effect and economic benefits. It is hoped that the proposed method can contribute to the development of gob-side entry retaining technique.     

考虑桩土相互作用的“品”字型抗滑桩计算方法

基于对抗滑桩在滑坡防治工程中的应用研究,提出一种新型组合式“品”字型抗滑桩,抗滑桩由3根单桩通过桩顶连梁连接组成空间结构,具有刚度大、变形小的特点;基于位移土压力模型,建立桩身挠曲线微分方程,后排桩在滑坡推力作用下发生变形并直接作用于桩间土上,引入Boussinesq解,通过对桩间土附加应力的求解进一步计算作用于前排桩的附加滑坡推力;将“品”字型抗滑桩应用于舟曲锁儿头滑坡,通过现场试验和现场监测与理论计算方法所得弯矩值和位移值的对比表明,所建立的计算方法合理可行,为进一步研究桩土相互作用的抗滑桩受力机理提供了一定的依据.     

锈蚀损伤混凝土管桩水平承载性状时变分析

为研究锈蚀损伤混凝土管桩的水平承载性状,依据Fick第二定律,建立了氯离子在混凝土管桩中的扩散方程,并结合初始和边界条件,得到扩散方程的解析解.依据厚壁圆筒模型,推导了钢筋混凝土管桩保护层锈胀开裂时的钢筋临界锈蚀深度.基于Faraday定律,对钢筋混凝土管桩保护层锈胀开裂时间进行了预测.并在此基础上,通过引入桩身抗弯刚度折减系数对海洋环境下锈蚀损伤钢筋混凝土管桩的桩身抗弯刚度的衰减规律进行了探讨,进而对海洋环境下锈蚀损伤钢筋混凝土管桩的水平承载性状的时变特性进行了分析.结果表明:海洋环境中氯离子侵蚀引起的钢筋锈蚀对钢筋混凝土管桩的水平承载性状有明显影响.随着暴露时间的延长,桩身抗弯刚度呈非线性衰减,桩身水平位移和桩身负剪力最大值逐渐增大,桩身弯矩逐渐减小.     

基于Mindlin解的单桩侧阻应力系数埋深效应初探

Geddes解采用的集中荷载,起始点在弹性半无限空间表面.应用于工程实践时,计算埋深较浅桩在土中产生应力的影响误差较小,随着建筑群桩基础埋置越深,有的已超35 m,误差会更大.此外基桩侧阻模式分布比较复杂,常常需要分解为几个基本侧阻形式,有的侧阻应力起点并不在地表.以Mindlin解为基础,参考Geddes解,将积分起点设在距离空间表面一定深度a处,从而得到具有埋深a的Geddes解析解,并与原Geddes解进行了简单比较.相对于沿袭Geddes解的做法,本计算式显然更为精确.     

Numerical Simulation of Energy Saving Potential in Dispersing Process of Blasted Smoke in Mines

The dispersing process of the blasted smoke in underground mines by ventilation is very important for the safety of personnel, and its energy consumption is also worthy of concern. In this study, the impact of supply air flow rate on the decay process of harmful gases and fan energy, and the role of harmful gases buried by blasted pile in the smoke dispersing process is analyzed with three-dimensional numerical simulation. According to the results, air flow facilitates quick smoke dispersion and the gas emits from the blasted pile is only significant at the beginning of ventilation. It is thus recommended that large amount of air supply is taken to disperse the smoke quickly until the concentration of harmful gases reaches relevant standards, and reduce the amount of air in the remain time with frequency conversion technology to save energy. In the given study, 12 m/s air flow rate is taken for dispersing smoke and 3 m/s air flow rate is taken for the waiting time. The energy consumption for ventilation is reduced by about 50％. In addition, due to the gases in the blasted pile remains very high concentration after the dispersing process, it is recommended to keep suitable amount of ventilation in the consequent process.     

忽略回填料与岩土热物性差异对桩基埋管换热计算的影响

桩基埋管换热器具有桩径大、埋深浅的特点,适用于桩基埋管特点的系列导热解析解模型被不断提出,但是该类模型均忽略了回填料与岩土热物性的差异。对于桩径较大的桩基埋管而言,较大的热物性差异将引起较大的计算误差。建立了区别回填料与岩土热物性差异的导热数值解模型,对比分析忽略热物性差异对桩基埋管换热计算的影响,研究表明:导热系数差异对桩基埋管长时间运行的换热热阻计算影响甚小;容积比热差异将引起桩基埋管较大的设计容量误差;桩径越大,热物性差异引起的计算误差越显著。     

边坡工程中抗滑群桩工程特性的数值分析

针对建立抗滑群桩的设计方法问题,分析了抗滑群桩在水平推力作用下的力学行为.以重庆江东边坡的典型断面为例,应用有限元程序CORE3D分析了群桩的桩间颗粒土的土拱区域,结合桩的荷载位移曲线、土拱效应解释了土体应力传递到抗滑桩的规律,通过对影响土拱效应的参数,如桩间距、土体厚度、抗滑桩嵌入深度和桩径等的深入研究,提出了相应的群桩布置参数估算公式.研究成果在重庆江东边坡的防护工程设计中得到了应用,并取得了较好的效果.