龙滩碾压混凝土重力坝的设计特点

龙滩碾压混凝土重力坝工程量巨大,最大坝高初期建设时为192m,最终为216.5m,技术难度大。设计中针对碾压混凝土施工特点,从枢纽布置、坝体结构、混凝土配合比、温控、施工方案等方面进行了深入的研究,形成了有特色的设计方案,实现了碾压混凝土连续快速施工。     

普通混凝土配合比设计及其强度检测问题的探讨

结合工程实例,从试验检测的角度,分析了普通混凝土配合比设计、试件取样及其现场强度检测方法取舍等方面存在的问题与所应采取的基本措施.     

聚合物纤维混凝土试验研究

针对水利工程的特点,采用掺入不同品种和不同掺量聚合物纤维试验方案,采用自行设计的试验方法(约束法)测定混凝土抗裂性能,对聚合物纤维混凝土的配合比和性能进行研究.研究结果表明,聚合物纤维混凝土的抗裂性能、抗渗性能、变形性能和力学性能等比普通混凝土显著提高.     

LCI (Life cycle inventory) analysis of fuels and electricity generation in Singapore

This article offers a unique three-stage approach in LCI analysis for generating the environmental profile of electricity generation in Singapore. The first stage focuses on fuels delivered to Singapore, next on electricity generated from various types of power production plants. The third stage integrates the entire life cycle study. The final gate-to-gate results show that the total CO₂ emissions from the national grid are 455.6 kg CO₂ per MWh without any loss in transmission and 467.0 kg CO₂ per MWh with 2.5% losses. The results for the entire cradle-to-gate energy production are: 586.3 kg CO₂ per MWh without considering any losses and 601.0 kg CO₂ per MWh with 2.5% transmission loss. For the rest of the LCI, the cradle-to-gate results (per MWh) are kg 0.19 CO (carbon monoxide), 0.06 kg N₂O (nitrous oxide), 1.94–1.99 kg NO_x (nitrogen oxides), 2.94–3.01 kg SO_x (sulphur oxides), 0.064–0.066 kg VOC (volatile organic compounds) and 0.078–0.080 kg PM (particulate matters). From gate-to-gate, the results are 0.12 kg CO, 0.0016 kg N₂O, 1.42–1.46 kg NO_x, 2.56–2.62 kg SO_x, 0.033–0.034 kg VOC and 0.067–0.069 kg PM. Emissions of CO₂ from energy generation, climate change mitigation and policies for energy security are also discussed.     

场所功能的非变异性及变异性混合

场所是由场地、使用者、行为活动等三个要素构成的。相当数量的场所以功能混合的方式适应不断变化的社会生活。场所功能的混合有非变异性混合、变异性混合两种方式,两者既有共性,又有差异。正确理解场所功能混合的规律,将有助于设计人员创作出具有个性及吸引力的、新型的场所空间。     

Investigation on Microcrystalline Wax Doped Asphalts by Temperature Control Mode of Atomic Force Microscopy

Because of its economical and environmentally friendly characteristics, the warm mix asphalt(WMA) is widely used in pavement engineering. However, the lack of microscopic study of WMA brings difficulties in understanding of its mechanical behavior and mechanisms at macroscopic scale which finally hinders the enhancement of WMA's performance. Therefore, this article aims to use atomic force microscopy(AFM), a promising microscopic technique, to investigate the effects of wax-based warm mix agents on asphalt microstructures and micromechanical properties at different temperatures. For simplicity's sake, microcrystalline waxes are selected as an alternative of these wax-based additives. It is shown that the sample preparation method has a vital impact on the morphology of asphalt samples. The effects of microcrystalline wax on asphalt's mechanical properties can be well captured by AFM tests. Results show that the blending of #70, #80 and #90 microcrystalline waxes lowers the modulus(20—60 MPa) of Pen70 asphalt at 25 ℃ while increasing its adhesion force(5—20 n N). The results of this study may shed some light on the comprehension of the effects of wax-based additives on asphalt materials at macroscopic level which can help estimate and predict its actual performance.     

Estimation of optimum binder content of recycled asphalt incorporating a wax warm additive using response surface method

This paper presents a new approach to estimate the optimum binder content (OBC) of recycled asphalts (RAs) incorporating a warm mix additive based on the interaction effects of compaction temperature, RA content and binder content using volumetric and strength characterisation. The experimental design was developed using response surface method (RSM) based on central composite design for various compaction temperatures (130–160 °C), RA contents (30–50%) and binder contents (4.9–6.0%). Laboratory tests were performed and analysed to meet the desired volumetric and strength properties according to the Malaysian specifications for the design of dense asphalt mixtures. Statistical analysis and mathematical models proposed by RSM were used to determine the OBC. The results showed that compaction temperature is the most significant factor in determining the OBC. There are minimum differences in the OBC variation of samples incorporating different dosage of RA. The developed model can be used for quick estimation of OBC for various levels of compaction temperature and RA content.     

纤维素连续酶解装置的混合输送器性能研究

设计了一种用于纤维素酶解的卧式平推流连续酶解反应器，以实现酶解工艺的连续化生产。应用Polyflow软件，分析了不同类型混合输送器在纤维素酶解混合物料处于高黏度时期的混合、输送、返混、功耗及破碎性能。结果表明：等外径混合输送器的功耗最低，输送能力一般，混合、返混及破碎性能较差；变外径混合输送器混合、返混、破碎性能比等外径混合输送器要好，但输送和功耗性能一般；内外螺带型混合输送器的混合、输送、返混及破碎性能均较好，功率耗能稍高，但基本与其他两种形式混合输送器功耗水平一致。对上述性质进行综合评价，得到结论：内外螺带型混合输送器更适合纤维素物料处于高黏度阶段时的连续酶解。     

热态自流修补料的流动性和烧结时间

报道了影响热态自流修补料流动性和烧结时间的因素 ,包括不同类型有机结合剂种类及其结合剂数量和石墨等因素的影响。介绍了测量高温热态流动性和烧结时间的实验方法。探讨了热态自流修补料的硬化烧结机理     

铁水罐低成本防粘渣喷涂料的研制与应用

以鱼雷罐用后Al2O3-SiC-C砖的再生料(Al2O3质量分数≥70%,粒度为3~1、1~0.297、≤0.297 mm)为主要原料,以矾土水泥、软质黏土和α-Al2O3微粉为复合结合剂,以硅酸盐水泥为促凝剂,以用后硅酸铝纤维再生料(长度3~8 mm)为防爆剂,研制了成本低,防粘渣效果好,并且易于清渣的防粘渣喷涂料。在高铝砖砌筑的脱硫铁水罐上使用,寿命由原来的550次延长到800次以上。