12万m~3/h等级特大型空分设备卧式分子筛吸附器的研发

介绍12万m3/h等级特大型空分设备卧式分子筛吸附器的设计和研发,从多角度分析了特大型分子筛吸附器需考虑的强度问题。为保证特大型分子筛吸附器的安全运行对内部结构采取了刚性加强等措施。同时,在设计中关注设备的节能降耗,分析影响能耗和吸附性能的气流不均布、热损失等因素,以及采取的合理结构安排。     

FRESCO,a simplified code for cost analysis of fusion power plants

FRESCO (Fusion REactor Simplified COsts) is a code based on simplified models of physics, engineering and economical aspects of a TOKAMAK-like pulsed or steady-state fusion power plant. The experience coming from various aspects of ITER design, including selection of materials and operating scenarios, is exploited as much as possible.Energy production and plant power balance, including the recirculation requirements, are derived from two models of the PPCS European study, the helium cooled lithium/lead blanket model reactor (model AB) and the helium cooled ceramic one (model B). A detailed study of the availability of the power plant due, among others, to the replacement of plasma facing components, is also included in the code.The economics of the fusion power plant is evaluated through the levelized cost approach. Costs of the basic components are scaled from the corresponding values of the ITER project, the ARIES studies and SCAN model. The costs of plant auxiliaries, including those of the magnetic and electric systems, tritium plants, instrumentation, buildings and thermal energy storage if any, are recovered from ITER values and from those of other power plants.Finally, the PPCS models AB and B are simulated and the main results are reported in this paper.     

Manufacture of Slow-Release Matrix Granules by Wet Granulation with an Aqueous Dispersion of Quaternary Poly(meth)acrylates in the Fluidized Bed

ABSTRACT

Slow-release matrix granules were manufactured in the fluidized bed using an aqueous dispersion of quaternary poly(meth)acrylates (Eudragit® RS 30 D) as binder for granulation. A factorial design was carried out to investigate the influence of the following parameters, spraying rate, applied polymer amount, and inlet air temperature, on various granule properties. Prerequisites for a slow release of the model drug theophylline are high spraying rate, high amount of polymer, and low inlet air temperature. No considerable decrease of the drug release rate can be achieved without a subsequent curing of the dry granules. A clear correlation exists between the moisture content of the fluidized bed, indicated by the terminal moisture content (TMC), and the mean dissolution time for 80% of the drug (MDT₈₀).     

Mathematical Modeling and Genetic Algorithm Optimization of Reactive Absorption of H2S

A rate‐based mathematical model was developed for the reactive absorption of H₂S in NaOH, with NaOCl or H₂O₂ as the chemical oxidant solutions in a packed column. A modified mass transfer coefficient in the gas phase was obtained by genetic algorithm and implemented in the model to correct the assumption of instantaneous reactions. The effects of different operating variables including the inlet H₂S concentration, inlet gas mass flux, initial NaOH, concentrations of the chemical oxidants in the scrubbing solutions, and liquid‐to‐gas ratio on the H₂S removal efficiency were studied. A genetic algorithm was employed to optimize the operating variables in order to obtain maximum removal efficiency of H₂S. The model results were in good agreement with the experimental data.     

Effect of Drying Methods on Dyeing Capacity of Dyestuff Plant Materials

This article presents a study of the effect of drying methods on dyeing capacity of widespread European flora dyestuff plant materials. The natural colorants, derived from the selected plant materials, were applied on chemical pulp in order to examine their dyeability. In this work, three different drying methods were examined—the natural, the air-, and the freeze-drying method—in various conditions. The plant materials that were dried naturally show weak dyeing results in comparison with the air- and freeze-dried materials. Freeze drying significantly improved the dyeing capacity of dyestuff plant materials with high initial moisture content. On the other hand, air drying at low temperature and high relative humidity improved the dyeing capacity of plant materials with low initial moisture content.     

Thermo-mechanical test rig for experimental evaluation of thermal conductivity of ceramic pebble beds

The experimental determination of mechanical and thermal properties of ceramic pebble beds, such as the lithium orthosilicate or lithium metatitanate, is a key issue in the framework of fusion power technology, for the reason that they are possible candidates in the design of breeder blankets.The paper deals with an experimental method for the evaluation of the thermal conductivity of ceramic pebble beds versus the temperature and compressive strain, based on a steady state heat flux through a material (alumina) of known conductivity. The alumina thermal conductivity is determined by means of the hot wire method. To assess the experimental method, a thermo-mechanical characterization of alumina pebble beds (a material largely available), having different diameters, considering a wide range of temperatures and compression forces has been carried out.Moreover preliminary tests have been performed on lithium orthosilicate and lithium metatitanate pebble beds.     

Carvacrol and trans-Cinnamaldehyde Reduce Clostridium difficile Toxin Production and Cytotoxicity in Vitro

Clostridium difficile is a nosocomial pathogen that causes a serious toxin-mediated enteric disease in humans. Reducing C. difficile toxin production could significantly minimize its pathogenicity and improve disease outcomes in humans. This study investigated the efficacy of two, food-grade, plant-derived compounds, namely trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) and carvacrol (CR) in reducing C. difficile toxin production and cytotoxicity in vitro. Three hypervirulent C. difficile isolates were grown with or without the sub-inhibitory concentrations of TC or CR, and the culture supernatant and the bacterial pellet were collected for total toxin quantitation, Vero cell cytotoxicity assay and RT-qPCR analysis of toxin-encoding genes. The effect of CR and TC on a codY mutant and wild type C. difficile was also investigated. Carvacrol and TC substantially reduced C. difficile toxin production and cytotoxicity on Vero cells. The plant compounds also significantly down-regulated toxin production genes. Carvacrol and TC did not inhibit toxin production in the codY mutant of C. difficile, suggesting a potential codY-mediated anti-toxigenic mechanism of the plant compounds. The antitoxigenic concentrations of CR and TC did not inhibit the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. Our results suggest that CR and TC could potentially be used to control C. difficile, and warrant future studies in vivo.     

Evaluating techniques for redirecting turbine wakes using SOWFA

Wind plant control is an active field of research in which controllers are developed that seek to maximize overall wind-plant performance in terms of power production, turbine structural loads, or both. Such control strategies are often different from those that are optimal for an individual turbine. One type of wind-plant control method is to redirect the wakes of upstream turbines so that they avoid downstream turbines. In this paper, we investigate several possible methods for redirecting turbine wakes, including some existing and some novel approaches. The methods are compared in terms of their ability to redirect turbine wakes and their effects on turbine power capture and structural loads using the high-fidelity wind plant simulation tool Simulator for On/Offshore Wind Farm Applications (SOWFA).     

UASB+MBR+NF处理焚烧垃圾渗滤液的设计及运行

介绍了UASB+MBR+NF工艺处理某垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液的工艺流程、构筑物设计参数及运行情况。运行结果表明,该工艺对垃圾渗滤液具有较高的去除率,COD、BOD5、NH3-N、SS的去除率分别高达99.84%、99.94%、99.28%、99.83%。处理后出水的各项指标可以达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)中的一级排放标准。采用该工艺去除1 kg COD需要花费0.57元。与城市污水厂生活污水的运行费用相比,该工艺具有较好的经济性。     

25000m~3/h空分设备制氩系统氮塞故障分析

由于增加氧气提取量时操作不当,25000 m3/h空分设备制氩系统连续出现了两次氮塞故障。介绍制氩系统流程和氮塞发生前后的操作,分析氮塞发生的不同原因。