Dietary effects on growth,plasma lipid and tissues of rats fed with non‐conventional oil of Telfairia occidentalis

The nutritional value of Telfairia occidentalis seed and seed oil available in local market was studied in rats. The average values of the proximate analysis on dry matter basis were 203 g kg^?1 crude protein, 536.3 g kg^?1 fat, 39 g kg^?1 ash, 95 g kg^?1 crude fibre and 43.7 g kg^?1 carbohydrate, while the moisture content was 75 g kg^?1. The mineral analyses showed that T occidentalis seeds contain potassium (3280 mg kg^?1), sodium (1230 mg kg^?1), magnesium (60.8 mg kg^?1), calcium (60.8 mg kg^?1) and iron (13.0 mg kg^?1). The oil extracted from the seed sample showed physicochemical properties that suggest its suitability for edible and industrial uses. The oil contained high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, oleic and linoleic, which accounted for 63.22% of total fatty acids recovered, while palmitic acid (27.4% of the oil by weight) was the most prevalent saturated fatty acid in the oil. No trace of eleostearic acid was detected in the oil. The effect on physical appearance, weight gain, organ weight, tissue and plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels was determined in rats fed a diet containing 5% T occidentalis oil. These were compared with those of rats fed a control diet (0% T occidentalis oil) over an 8 week study period. Weekly monitoring of the rats showed good physical appearance and steady weight increase. The test rats were not anaemic and no mortality was recorded. While there was a significantly higher (p < 0.05) level of cholesterol in the heart of test rats compared with the control, there was a significantly lower (p < 0.05) plasma cholesterol level, suggesting that T occidentalis seed oil can be used to lower plasma levels of cholesterol. Histological examination of the sections of the heart, liver, kidney and spleen of the test rats revealed varying degrees of pathology. These include artherosclerotic changes in the walls of vasa vasori and lymphatics in the heart and hyaline degeneration of myofibrils, fatty infiltration of hepatocytes, and glomerular and tubular degeneration in the kidneys. These lesions may have been due to the effect of fatty acids, especially erucic acid, in the seed oil, which at 1.24% (less that the 5% conventional allowable limit for edible oils) may be intolerable for rats and may be unsuitable for human consumption. The seed oil may be used for industrial purposes such as soap making, lubrication and cosmetics for which it is well suited. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Determination of polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity of kudingcha made from Ilex kudingcha C.J. Tseng

The total polyphenol content and the antioxidant activity of kudingcha made from Ilex kudingcha C.J. Tseng were determined by Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, and DPPH, FRAP, and TEAC methods, respectively. The crude extract (CE) of kudingcha and its four fractions of chloroform (CfF), ethyl acetate (EaF), n-butanol (nBF), and water (WtF) were prepared and subjected to antioxidant evaluation and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography. The extracts of kudingcha contained large amounts of caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) derivatives, including 3-CQA, 5-CQA, 3,4-diCQA, 3,5-diCQA, and 4,5-diCQA, and showed potent antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activities of CE and its fractions decreased in the order of EaF > nBF > CE > WtF > CfF, according to the DPPH assay and FRAP assay, which were the same, with the exception of the rank order of CfF and WtF, as the TEAC assay. Furthermore, a satisfactory correlation between total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity was observed.     

芹菜中黄酮化合物的研究

以2个品种芹菜的叶、茎为材料,通过微波提取黄酮化合物,并通过芦丁标准曲线法对提取液黄酮化合物含量测定,通过DPPH法对提取液的抗氧活性进行测定。结果表明芹菜叶及茎中黄酮化合物含量及抗氧活性差异很大。黄酮化合物含量香芹叶>西芹叶>西芹茎,抗氧活性香芹叶>西芹叶>西芹茎。可见其抗氧活性与黄酮类化合物含量有直接的关系。     

基于DRNN的纸机定量水分解耦控制仿真分析

针对抄纸过程中具有的强耦合、大时滞特点,提出了一种自适应的PID解耦控制方法,利用对角凹归神经网络(DRNN)来辨识系统模型,通过对PID控制器参数进行调整,实现多变量解耦控制.对纸机定量、水分控制系统的仿真研究结果表明:该方法具有较快的系统响应和抗干扰能力,较好地解决了定量和水分之间的耦合作用.     

浅议生料制醋中固态发酵的条件控制

为了更好地控制生料制醋过程中的固态发酵,对固态发酵的温度、醋醅中的氧含量和车间环境条件等对发酵的影响作了比较详细地阐述,认为把温度控制在35～42℃,这样有利于固态发酵的顺利进行,同时在醋醅表面覆盖塑料薄膜可控制氧的含量,车间管理要按5s的要求进行,并严格按照工艺要求进行操作可确保制醋工艺的顺利进行。同时,对醋醅过氧化反应的现象及预防措施作了简要说明。     

糙米加湿调质过程中最佳一次加湿量的研究

本文以含水量12．5％的糙米为原料，采用不同一次加湿量将糙米加湿调质，并对试验样进行了碾米试验研究，测试了碾米加工的能耗、碎米率及裂纹率，研究证实糙米最佳一次加湿量在1．3％～I．5％之间可以避免加湿过程中产生的应力裂纹，而且可以降低碾米能耗30％左右、增加出米率、提高大米品质。     

索氏抽提测定含油量的方法改良及其应用

对索氏抽提法测定含油量的方法进行了改良,在原索氏抽提装置上加装了恒温冷凝水系统,将冷凝水温度改为恒温15℃。改良后的索氏抽提法与原方法相比,测定结果的准确度和灵敏度显著提高,有效消除了因季节、气候等因素引起的温度变化所带来的测定值差异。2007年至2010年加拿大谷物委员会组织36家国际权威油料检测实验室开展国际油料品质比对检测,结果显示,本实验室检测结果｜Z｜值均小于2,且采用改良索氏抽提法后,测定结果的Z比分数由-1.98～-0.12减小到-0.60～0.20,相对偏差由-2.5%～-0.38%减小到-1.24%～0.24%,实现了含油量检测结果的国际接轨。     

带鱼腌制动力学模型的建立及应用

目的:改善腌鱼的口感,缩短腌制时间,降低盐含量,提高腌制品安全性.方法:以带鱼为原料,用SAS软件设计三因素三水平共15个试验点的响应面分析试验;通过测定盐含量及感官评定,得到最佳液料比(V:W)、腌制温度和腌制时间以及适宜的盐含量.结果:分别建立了盐含量(Y1)和感官评定(Y2)与液料比(V:W)、腌制温度、腌制时间之间的二元回归模型Y1=3.4567+0.2975X1+0.4313X2+0.2788X3-0.0671X12+0.105X1X2-0.095X1X3+0.1854X22-0.1125X2X3+0.1404X32,Y2=88.6733-0.1925X1-1.8088X2-0.8413X3-2.0092X12-3.7675X1X2-1.7475X1X3-5.0867X22-1.945X2X3-5.2667X32.优化后的最佳腌制条件是:液料比3:1,腌制温度19℃,腌制时间5min,此时盐含量为3.38％,符合低盐、安全的要求.结论:利用响应面试验设计并建立盐含量和感官评定与腌制各因素之间的关系,优化腌制参数.     

球磨处理对3种淀粉特性的影响

以木薯淀粉、玉米淀粉、籼米淀粉为材料,调节水分含量为6%左右,采用行星式球磨机对淀粉进行球磨处理,研究球磨处理对淀粉理化性质的影响。结果表明:随着球磨时间的增加,淀粉颗粒逐渐破碎,淀粉粒度逐渐减小;3种淀粉的还原力、冷水溶解度、透明度均逐渐增加,淀粉的表观黏度、结晶度逐渐减小。在同样的球磨时间下,3种淀粉的冷水溶解度、透明度、表观黏度存在显著性差异(P<0.05);在75h以前,玉米淀粉和籼米淀粉的还原力无显著性差异,100h时,玉米淀粉和籼米淀粉的还原力存在显著性差异(P<0.05);其中,球磨处理对籼米淀粉的各项理化指标影响最大。     

耐热型纸吸管纸的制备及性能研究

以漂白硫酸盐针叶木浆和阔叶木浆为原料,通过湿法成形、表面施胶及涂布耐热胶黏剂制备耐热型纸吸管纸,主要采用挺度、环压强度、湿抗张强度及接触角等指标评价纸吸管纸性能;对比探究了耐热胶黏剂与普通胶黏剂对纸吸管性能及使用安全性的影响。结果表明,CW/AKD混合乳液施胶量为14 g/m²,AKD用量为0.10%（相对于原纸定量,其中里纸定量100～140 g/m²,面纸定量40～80 g/m²）时,纸吸管里纸、面纸挺度分别为3.59 mN·m和2.63 mN·m,环压强度分别为1.75 kN/m和0.37 kN/m,抗张强度分别为7.68 kN/m和3.57 kN/m,湿抗张强度分别为1.43 kN/m和0.78 kN/m,吸收性分别为29.8 g/m²和27.2 g/m²,接触角分别达到145.9°和149.4°;热水抽出物含量分别为3.252%和3.312%,浸泡液浊度均在2 NTU左右;耐热胶黏剂不仅具有普通胶黏剂一样的黏合强度,且耐热、不溶于水,可用于耐热型纸吸管纸的黏合,且满足耐热型纸吸管纸的使用安全性能要求。