Optimization of reactive SMB and Varicol systems

A comprehensive optimization study on a simulated moving bed reactor (SMBR) system is reported in this article for the direct synthesis of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) from tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) and methanol. The applicability of the Varicol process, which is based on non-synchronous shift of the inlet and outlet ports, is explored for the first time for a reactive system. Multi-objective (two and three objective functions) optimization has been performed for both existing as well as design stage for SMBR and Varicol systems and their efficiencies are compared. The optimization problem involves relatively large number of decision variables; both continuous variables, such as flow rates in various sections and length of the columns and discrete variables, such as number of columns and column configuration. Pareto optimal solutions are obtained. It is observed that a five-column Varicol performs better than an equivalent five-column SMBR and its performance is nearly equal to that of a six-column SMBR in terms of purity and yield of MTBE and minimal eluent consumption. This is an important inference as it enables the reduction of fixed and operating costs while at the same time helps to achieve high purity and yield of the desired product and conversion of the limiting reactant. A state-of-the-art optimization technique, viz., non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA), which allows handling of these complex optimization problems, is employed for this study. This is the first time that, not only the separating potential of Varicol has been extended to reaction systems, but also was optimized for multiple objectives.     

强震区土石坝筑坝材料动力特性试验研究(投稿研究生论坛)

土石坝筑坝材料的动力特性是进行坝工设计和动力评价的基础。以西部强震区某土石坝工程为研究对象,采用室内动三轴试验,对其坝壳料、心墙料和坝基断层料进行动力特性试验研究,并以Hardin-Drnevich模型为基础,确定筑坝材料的动弹模、阻尼比等特性参数,试验表明：在动应变在10-6 ～ 10-5 范围内,动模量与围压、固结比成正相关;随动模量的增大,相关性降低;动应变和振级的拟合指数模型则表明不同围压、固结比的心墙料的应变-振级曲线趋势一致,坝壳料较为离散;试验中固结围压对粗骨料阻尼比-应变曲线的影响较固结比大,可为强震区土石坝的动力稳定评价提供可靠的理论依据。     

ASYMPTOTIC PROPERTIES OF SOME PRELIMINARY ESTIMATORS FOR AUTOREGRESSIVE MOVING AVERAGE TIME SERIES MODELS

Abstract. Some simple preliminary estimators for the coefficients of mixed autoregressive moving average time series models are considered. As the first step the estimators require the fitting of a long autoregression to the data. The first two methods of the paper are non-iterative and generally inefficient. The estimators are Yule-Walker type modifications of the least squares estimators of the coefficients in auxiliary linear regression models derived, respectively, for the coefficients of the long autoregression and for the coefficients of the corresponding long moving average approximation of the model. Both of these estimators are shown to be strongly consistent and their asymptotic distributions are derived. The asymptotic distributions are used in studying the loss in efficiency and in constructing the third estimator of the paper which is an asymptotically efficient two-step estimator. A numerical illustration of the third estimator with real data is given.     

分子蒸馏技术与日用化工(Ⅰ)——分子蒸馏技术的原理及特点

介绍了分子蒸馏技术发展简况，并从分子运动平均自由程的定义出发，介绍了分子蒸馏技术的基本原理、特点以及与常规蒸馏、超临界萃取与层析分离等方法的不同。分子蒸馏操作温度低、受热时间短及分离效率高，特别适用于热敏性物质的提纯，有广阔的应用前景。     

基于N步不变集的时滞切换系统的饱和控制

构造离散时滞切换系统的不变集,提出基于N步不变集的切换控制器设计方法,估计执行器饱和非线性的吸引域范围。首先,考虑时滞的影响,选取依赖于时滞的Lyapunov函数,构造时滞切换系统的不变集,并将其表达为若干个椭球集的凸组合,椭球集的个数与时滞常数相关。其次,在系统的前N个采样时刻,分别施加不同的饱和约束,求解得到一组椭球集,椭球集的个数与常数N相关,而每一步计算得到的椭球集均为时滞切换系统的不变集。再将N个不变集用一组凸包系数拟合,即可获取较大的吸引域估计。最后,在满足平均驻留时间约束的条件下设计切换律,并设计状态反馈控制器,保证闭环系统渐近稳定。控制器的求解转化为线性矩阵不等式的可行性问题。仿真结果验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于F2812高精度抗震动电子天平系统设计

采用F2812作为主控制器,对高精度、低成本、抗震动的电子天平系统进行设计。利用F2812高速运算能力,对AD转换后的称重数据进行数字滤波,通过程序判断有无加卸载称重样品,对滑动平均滤波算法进行改进,不仅提高了电子天平的称重精度,又加快了称重速度。为使其能在地表震动、温度变化频繁等恶劣环境中稳定工作,对电子天平增加了震动和温度补偿,改善了称重系统的动态稳定性。基于VC++开发了电子天平上位机监控软件,方便工作人员在主控室中对电子天平实时称重信息进行监测、补偿模式进行远程控制和查询历史数据。     

Nd2O3掺杂BaTiO3陶瓷的结构和电性能研究

研究了组份为Ｂａ１－ｘＮｄｘＴｉＯ３（ｘ＝０．００２－０．０４）陶瓷的结构和电性能，实验结果表明：当０．００２≤ｘ≤０．００４时，轻度Ｎｄ２Ｏ３掺杂的ＢａＴｉＯ３陶瓷呈半导体；而当０．０１２≤ｘ≤０．０４时呈绝缘性。ＢａＴｉＯ３陶瓷的室温电阻率ρｖ随Ｎｄ＾３＋含量的变化呈Ｕ型特曲线。组份为Ｂａ０．９９７０Ｎｄ０．００３０ＴｉＯ３的材料具有最低的ρｖ和最佳的ＰＴＣＲ效应，相应于最大的平均晶粒尺寸和最     

分子筛催化剂波面移动床传热特性研究

采用粉粒体传热的两区模型和微元体能量平衡理论 ,研究和分析了不同颗粒粒径的分子筛催化剂对波面移动床换热器各传热系数的影响。实验结果表明 :分子筛催化剂颗粒粒径的大小对壁面传热系数和总传热系数影响大 ,而对中央区的传热系数无影响。     

连续移动床炼焦新工艺

本文论述了目前国内外连续移动床炼焦新技术的工艺原理，介绍了国外连续移动床炼焦新技术的工艺流程及特性，并对连续移动床炼焦新技术的经济技术指标和焦炭特性进行了评述。     

基于背景和帧间差分法的运动目标提取

在自动人脸识别系统中,人体目标的检测是该系统识别人脸的前期关键步骤之一。为了能快速准确地检测出运动的人体目标,提出了背景差分法和帧间差分法相结合的运动目标提取检测方法。针对视频中的背景因镜头摆动或物体的移入/移出而有所变动,给出了几种提取背景的方法,比较各种方法后决定采用中值法快速地进行背景建模,随后采用自适应背景更新,结合两种差分法检测运动目标。通过实验验证了本文算法的有效性。